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HNN > Introduction to Neuroanatomy: general organisation and functional anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction to Neuroanatomy: general organisation and functional anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Brain orientation teminology
- superior:
- inferior:
- anterior:
- posterior:

A
  • superior: dorsal
  • inferior: ventral
  • anterior: rostral towards nostril
  • posterior: caudal
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2
Q

What are the parts of the forebrain?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Diencephalon: thalamus + hypothalamus
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3
Q

What are the parts of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

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4
Q

What are the parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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5
Q

Composition of grey and white matter in the brain

A
  • grey matter (cortex) on the surface
  • white matter internal
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6
Q

Why is white matter lighter than grey matter?

A

White matter: myelinated axons (fatty+white)
Grey matter: collections of neurones

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7
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Central sulcus

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8
Q

What is the corpus collosum?
Function

A
  • Large bundle of myelinated axons (white matter)
  • Allows for communication between hemispheres
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9
Q

What separates the left and right ventricles of the brain?

A

Septum pellucidum

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10
Q

What separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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11
Q

Function of the frontal lobe

A
  • voluntary motor control
  • speech
  • social behaviour
  • impulse control
  • higher cognition (planning, thinking)
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12
Q

Function of parietal lobe

A
  • somatosensory perception
  • spatial awareness
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13
Q

What is somatosensory perception?

A

Any sense that isn’t a ‘special sense’

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14
Q

Function of occipital lobe

A

Visual perception

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15
Q

Function of temporal lobe

A
  • language
  • emotion
  • long term memory
  • sense of smell
  • hearing
  • taste
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16
Q

Function of cerebellum

A
  • balance
  • motor function
  • co-ordination
17
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex?

A

Pre-central gyrus
(frontal lobe)

18
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Post-central gyrus
(parietal lobe)

19
Q

Where are cranial nerve nuceli located?

A

In the brainstem

20
Q

Functions of midbrain

A

Involved in pathways for:
- eye movement coordination
- pupillary response to light

21
Q

Functions of pons

A

Involved in pathways for:
- feeding
- sleep + consciousness

22
Q

Function of medulla of brainstem

A

Involved in pathways for
- CVS + respiratory function

23
Q

Explain why the control of voluntary motor action in the limbs is contralateral

A
  • upper motor neurones connect primary motor cortex to spinal nerves (on opposite side)
  • upper motor neurones decussate to opposite side at lower medulla
24
Q

Explain why the control of voluntary motor action in the limbs is contralateral

A
  • upper motor neurones connect primary motor cortex to cranial nerves (on opposite side)
  • upper motor neurones decussate to opposite side at level their nuclei communicate + arise from
25
Q

What is the uncus?

A

The relationship between where the edge of the tentorium cerebelli is found + part of the temporal lobe

26
Q

What separates the frontal + parietal from the temporal bone?

A

Lateral fissure

27
Q

How are the face, limbs + body represented in their somatosensory perception + voluntary motor control?

A

Homunculus
- genitals, toes + feet medially
- face, tongue + pharynx laterally

28
Q

What makes up the hindbrain?

A

Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum

29
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A

SCALP
- Skin
- Connective tissue (dense)
- Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis
- Loose connective tissue
- Periosteum

30
Q

Compare bleeding in the dense and loose connective tissue of the scalp

A
  • bleeding in DCT is localised
  • bleeding in LCT is less confined and can spread e.g. to orbit
31
Q

What is in the dense connective tissue of the scalp

A

Vessels supplying the scalp
Cutaneous nerves

32
Q

Blood supply to the scalp

A
  • External carotid artery via occipital, post auricular + superficial temporal
  • Internal carotid artery via ophthalmic, supratrochlear + supraorbital

HNN (24 decks)

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