Oral Cavity - Pathoma

Question 1

What is a Cleft Lip?

Answer 1

Full-thickness defect of lip

Question 2

What is a Cleft Palate?

Answer 2

Full-thickness defect of palate

***Usually occurs with a cleft lip.

Question 3

What are cleft lip and cleft palates due to?

Answer 3

Failure of facial prominences to fuse

Question 4

What is an Aphthous Ulcer?

Answer 4

Painful, superficial ulceration of oral mucosa

Question 5

What causes an Aphthous Ulcer?

Answer 5

Arises in relation to stress and resolves spontaneously

***Often recurs!

Question 6

What does an Aphthous Ulcer look like?

Answer 6

Characterized by grayish base (granulation tissue) surrounded by erythema

Question 7

What is Bechet Syndrome?

Answer 7

Recurrent aphthous ulcers + genital ulcers + uveitis

Question 8

What is Bechet Syndrome due to?

Answer 8

Immune complex vasculitis involving small vessels

(can be seen after a viral infection, but etiology is unknown)

Question 9

What are oral herpes?

Answer 9

Vesicles involving oral mucosa that rupture, resulting in shallow, painful, red ulcers

Question 10

What is oral herpes due to?

Answer 10

Usually HSV-1

Question 11

When does the primary infection of oral herpes occur? What happens?

Answer 11

Childhood

lesions heal, but virus remains dormant in ***ganglia of trigeminal nerve***

Question 12

What causes the reactivation of oral herpes?

Answer 12

Stress and Sunlight

Question 13

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 13

Malignant neoplasm of squamous cells lining the oral mucosa

Question 14

What are the major risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?

Answer 14

• Tobacco
• Alcohol

Question 15

What is the most common location of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?

Answer 15

Floor of the mouth

Question 16

What precursor lesions can present prior to squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 16

• Leukoplakia (“white plaque”) => See it, cant scrape it, biopsy it!
  
  • candidiasis can be scraped off
  • Hairy leukoplakia is on lateral tongue, common in EBV and immunocompromised state (hyperplasia of squamous mucosa)
  • Erythroplakia (“red plaque”) => vascularized leukoplakia
    
    • suggests angiogenesis and squamous dysplasia