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Anatomy 314 - GIT > Oral cavity: lecture 3 > Flashcards

Oral cavity: lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Oral cavity consists of two parts:

A
  • oral vestibulum
  • true oral cavity
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2
Q
  1. Oral Vestibulum
A
  • A slit like opening between lips and gums/teeth – Lips
  • m orbicularis oris – Cheeks
  • m buccinator, fat
    – Gingiva
    – Labial Frenulum
    – Opening of parotid salivary gland
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3
Q
  1. True oral cavity
A

Situated on inside of the dental arches
* Roof- hard palate
* Gums, rugae, raphe
* tongue
* salivary gland openings (mandibular and sublingual)
* Lingual frenulum – sup. Aspect of the tongue to the floor of the mouth and on either side of it we get the openings to the sublingual salivary gland ducts (on sublingual fold)
* sublingual caruncle – where mandibular salivary glands open
* Deep lingual vein
– Osteology: Foramina, incisivum, palatina

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4
Q

Tongue:

A
  • consists of a root and a body
  • Ant and post part of the tongue develop from 2 separate pharyngeal arches (origins), therefore have different nerve supply
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5
Q

Anterior part of the tongue:

A
  • loose, oral part
  • 2/3rds of the tongue
    = body of tongue
  • sulcus terminalis – separates ant and post part, V shaped
  • foramen caecum - where V shaped groove/point of sulcus terminalis ends, it is an embryological remnant
    Foramen caecum and sulcus terminalis = separation of ant and post part of tongue
  • median sulcus – middle of tongue
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6
Q

Posterior part of the tongue:

A
  • root of tongue
  • posterior 1/3rd
  • lingual tonsils- embedded in lingual tissue = uneven surface
  • palatine tonsils – can be removed
  • Situated between two folds (mucosal folds, which are muscles which are covered with mucosa)
    The glossopharyngeal fold – pharynx to tongue
    Palatopharyngeal fold – soft palate to pharynx
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7
Q

Papillae:

A
  • Covers tongue
  • filiform – straight up and down papillae
  • fungiform – mushroom shaped
  • (circum)vallate – fungiform is surrounded by an extra ridge which forms a grove around it
    >arranged in a v- shape anterior to sulcus terminalis
  • foliate – folds of tongue, just anterior to the palatopharyngeal fold
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8
Q

Nerve supply to tongue

A

– Motor supply:
* N hypoglossus (CN 12)
– Sensory supply: General sensation:
* Vagus(CNX) - Posterior part of tongue
* Glossopharyngeus (CN IX) – Posterior part of tongue
* Lingual nerve (Branch of mandibular CN (V) - ant 2/3 of tongue
Taste sensation:
* Posterior 1/3 Glossopharyngeus (CN IX)
* Anterior 2/3 Branch of facial (CN VII) via corda tympany
Bitter sensation more towards back, rest more ant.

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9
Q

blood supply of tongue

A

Lingual artery and vein

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10
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue:
Arranged in different directions to

A

give mobility in all directions for speaking

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11
Q

Function of intrinsic muscles:

A

Lengthening and shortening, curling and uncurling the apex, flattening and rounding the surface

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12
Q

Don’t need to know intrinsic muscles – only know that these muscles are arranged in all sorts of different directions = gives mobility to the tongue

A
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13
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue:

A

move tongue in relation to other structures in the head
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- styloglossus
- palatoglossus

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

m genioglossus

A

(depresses with bilateral contraction, deviates to contralateral side with unilateral contraction
- Comes from inside of chin and fans out to inf part of tongue

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16
Q

m hyoglossus

A

(depresses and shortens tongue
- Comes from inf part of tongue and attaches to hyoid bone

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17
Q

m styloglossus

A

(retracts and curls tongue
- Comes from styloid process and attaches to post, inf part of tongue

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18
Q

m palatoglossus

A

(elevates posterior tongue, depress soft palate) supplied by pharyngeal plexus (accessory nerve)
- Goes from palate to tongue (palatine tonsils just posterior to it)

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19
Q

Muscles of mouth floor

A

M mylohyoid
m geniohyoid
These muscles help to lift up and stabilise the tongue – especially the root of the tongue

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20
Q

M mylohyoid

A
  • attaches to mylohyoid line on inside of mandible and hyoid bone
  • Forms sling for tongue to lie on
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21
Q

m geniohyoid

A
  • On top of mylohyoid mm
  • Goes from inside of chin to hyoid bone
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22
Q

innervation of muscles surrounding tongue

A

– n hypoglossus XII
(All except m palato- glossus mm)

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23
Q

Blood supply of muscles surrounding tongue

A

– A. lingualis - dorsalis, profunda
- V comitantes profunda

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24
Q

Oral structures also supplied by branches of the

A

facial, lingual
and maxillary arteries (all branches from the external carotid artery)

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25
Q

Three groups of tonsil tissue:

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
    found at post aspect of the nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • lingual tonsil
  • palatine tonsil (‘tonsils’) between palatoglossus and palatopharyngeal arches
    * Waldeyer’s ring = 1st line of defence
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26
Q

Salivary glands

A
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • sublingual
  • minor glands
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27
Q

Parotid gland

A
  • (serous= has a watery secretion)
    – largest - opens in oral vestibule at level of 2nd upper molar
    Responsible for majority of lubrication in mouth
    Has a single duct that runs across the masseter muscle
28
Q

Submandibular gland

A

(Mixed but mainly serous)
- opens on sublingual caruncle or papilla (duct in relation to n lingualis)

29
Q

Sublingual gland

A

(Mixed but mainly mucous)
- 10-12 openings on floor of mouth on sublingual fold

30
Q

Minor glands

A

scattered in mouth all open on floor of mouth in proper oral cavity

31
Q

Submandibular gland has two parts:

A

Note submandibular salivary gland “hooks”around free border of mylohyiod. Lingual nerve and submandibular duct “twist”around each other on floor of mouth

32
Q

Watch GIT lec 3A oral structures - LAST 2:39 MIN

A
33
Q

Soft palate

A
  • Uvula (kleintongetjie)
  • Palatoglossus m – covered by mucosa
  • Palatopharyngeus m
  • tonsils
34
Q

Muscles of the soft palate

A
  • m uvula
  • m levator veli palatini
  • m tensor veli palatini * m palatoglossus
  • m palatopharyngeus
35
Q

blood supply of the soft palate

A

a maxillaris

36
Q
A
37
Q

Junction of oral cavity and pharynx

A
  • Orifice between oral cavity proper and oropharynx has 2 pairs of muscular folds forming the:
  • Tonsillar bed
  • arcus palatoglossus
  • arcus palatopharyngeal
38
Q
A
39
Q

Pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
* tuba auditiva
Oropharynx
* uvula, epiglottis
Laryngopharynx
* Piriform recess-n laryng int

40
Q

Pharynx innervation

A
  • pharyngeal plexus
  • vagus-accessorius
41
Q
A
42
Q
A
43
Q

Constrictor muscles: of pharynx

A
  • superior, middle, inferior constrictors
44
Q
A
45
Q

Longitudinal Pharyngeal muscles

A
  • open pharynx up
  • m stylopharyngeus
  • m salpingopharyngeus
  • m palatopharyngeus
46
Q
A
47
Q

Facial nerve = 7th cranial nerve

A
  • very closely associated with the parotid salivary gland
  • It originates from the stylomastoid foramen
  • It the immediately runs anteriorly and becomes very intrinsically involved in the parotid salivary gland
48
Q

Parotid duct

A

runs across masseter muscle – opens in oral vestibule

49
Q

The 5 branches of the facial nerve

A
50
Q

Muscles of facial expression around mouth:

A
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Risorius
  • Zygomatic maj and min
  • Superior labial levator
  • Depressor anguli oris
  • Inferior labial depressor
51
Q

If have facial paralysis, motor supply affected, not sensory, so can still feel, just cant move.

A
52
Q

Motor supply by

A

CNVII (facial nerve)

53
Q

Sensory supply is by

A

5th cranial nerve – trigeminal nerve

54
Q

Branches of trigeminal nerve

A
55
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid.

56
Q
A
57
Q

muscles of mastication nerve supply

A

CN V

58
Q

masseter muscle:

A

Prox: zygomatic arch
Dist: the angle and lateral surface of the mandibular ramus
Action: elevation of the mandible and some protraction of the mandible.

59
Q

temporalis muscle

A

prox: temporal bone
Dist: coronoid process of mandible
Action: produce the movements of the mandible at the temporomandibular joint and thus facilitate the act of mastication.

60
Q

medial pterygoid muscle

A

consists of two heads; superficial and deep.
prox:
Superficial part: Tuberosity of maxilla, Pyramidal process of palatine bone; Deep part: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Dist: both heads insert on the inner surface of mandible
Action: elevate the mandible and laterally deviate it to the opposite side.

61
Q

Lateral pterygoid muscle

A

prox:
Superior head: Infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone Inferior head: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Dist:
Superior head: Joint capsule of temporomandibular joint
Inferior head: Pterygoid fovea on neck of condyloid process of mandible
Action: depresses the mandible and opens the mouth when assisted by the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the mylohyoid muscle

62
Q
A
63
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A
64
Q
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65
Q
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Anatomy 314 - GIT (18 decks)

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