Oral Cavity and Sinuses

Question 1

What does the parotid duct pierce? where does it open up?

Answer 1

buccinator m and opens opposite of 2nd upper molar

Question 2

What is the mucosa of the check innervated by?

Answer 2

long buccal n

Question 3

What nerve spirals around submandibular duct?

Answer 3

lingual n.

thus, duct will be above n in floor of mouth

Question 4

What can be found lateral to the sublingual gland in the floor of the oral cavity ?

Answer 4

only mm.

it is FREE of any nerves and vessels

Question 5

Describe the parasympathetic pathwaay to the sublingual gland

Answer 5

superior salivatory nucleus->VII->chorda tymani->lingual->submandibular ganglion->sublinggual gland

Question 6

Describe the sympathetic pathway to the sublingual gland

Answer 6

SCG->ECP-> Sublingual or facial plexus -> sublingual gland

Question 7

What innervates the endoderm of the tongue?

Answer 7

endoderm is thee posterior 1/3 of the tongue, it is also called the pharyngeal portion. It is innervated by IX -GVA and SVA

Question 8

What innervates the ectoderm of the tongue?

Answer 8

ectoderm makes up the ant 2/3 of the tongue, also called oral portion
Innervated by VII - SVA and lingual n - GSA

Question 9

What innervates the intrinsic mm of the tongue?

Answer 9

GSE - XII

Does all the mm EXCEPT platoglossus (X)

Question 10

What is the action of the genioglossus m?

Answer 10

protrude tongue

Question 11

What is hypoglossal palsy?

Answer 11

paralysis, atrophy, fasciculations of the intrinsic tongue mm.

Unilateral: normal genioglossus deviates towards affected side
Bilateral: dyspnea, dysarthria, dysphagia

Question 12

What closest the pharyngeal isthmus during deglutination

Answer 12

the soft palate - prevents reflux into the nasopharynx

Question 13

What is the innervation of tensor veli palatine m? What is the action?

Answer 13

vagus

Tenses soft palate and opens auditory tube

Question 14

What is the innervation of the levator veli palatini m? what is the action?

Answer 14

X (pharyngeal plexus)

elevates soft palate

Question 15

What occurs if there is paralysis of the tensor or levator palate?

Answer 15

mm pull uvula towards normal side

Question 16

What is a big bleeder during tonsillectomy?

Answer 16

tonsillar v

Question 17

Where do fractures in the nose commonly occur?

Answer 17

between septal cartilage and ethmoid and vomer bone

Question 18

What can the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube clinically be used for?

Answer 18

catherized to drain middle ear. sits posterior to the inferior concha

Question 19

What fold has an underlying m? salpingopalatine fold or the salpingopharyngeal fold?

Answer 19

salpingopharyngeal fold

Question 20

What region is located at the superior portion of the nasal cavity

Answer 20

olfactory region: olfactory receptor location

Question 21

What choncae condition air by regulating blood flow?

Answer 21

middle and inferior

Question 22

What causes nasal congesttion?

Answer 22

venous sinus dilate and engorge with blood. swelling of conchae that obliterate airflow

Question 23

Where does the superior sinus drain into?

Answer 23

sphenoethmoidal recess that is post-sup to superior concha

Question 24

What openings are in the superior meatus?

Answer 24

ethmoidal air cell openings

Question 25

What opening is found in inferior meatus?

Answer 25

nasolacrimal duct

Question 26

What terminal branch of maxillary a supplies the septum and lateral walls of the posterior half of the nasal cavity?

Answer 26

sphenopalatine a and its branches: posterior lateral and posterior septal a

Question 27

What is kiesselbach's area?

Answer 27

junctions between septal branches of superior labial a and sphenopalatine aa where epistaxis - nose bleeds - occur often

Question 28

What supplies the innervation to anterior 1/3 of nasal cavity?

Answer 28

anterior ethmoidal n. | Branch of nasocillary n

Question 29

What supplies the innervation to posterior 2/3 of nasal cavity?

Answer 29

pterygopalatine ganglion branches GVA fibers

Question 30

What innervates the mucosa of gingiva and hard palate?

Answer 30

nasopalatine n

Question 31

What is the function of conchae?

Answer 31

increase of Surface area of nasal cavity and humidify and warm inspired air

Question 32

Describe the clinical significance of adenoids

Answer 32

Pharyngeal tonsil can hypertrophy and be called adenoids. these may obstruct auditory tube or nasopharynx

Question 33

What is maxillary sinusitis?

Answer 33

inflammation and can be associated with tooth ache of 1st and 2nd moles

Question 34

What can the close approximation of the maxillary sinus to the surrounding area cause clinically if there is an infection?

Answer 34

inflection can spread to frontal, ethmoidal cells, nasal cavity, teeth, and maxillary sinus If there is a fracture, the maxillary sinus can open into the orbit

Question 35

What is transmaxillary surgery used for?

Answer 35

to get to orbit, pterygoid fossa, teeth etc

Question 36

What are the borders of the sphenoidal sinus?

Answer 36

superior: pituitary inferior: nasopharynx Ant: nasal cavity Post: pons, basilar a Lateral: ICA, V1, cavernous sinus

Question 37

What forms the hard bony palate?

Answer 37

palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bone