Oral Cavity and Sinuses Flashcards
What does the parotid duct pierce? where does it open up?
buccinator m and opens opposite of 2nd upper molar
What is the mucosa of the check innervated by?
long buccal n
What nerve spirals around submandibular duct?
lingual n.
thus, duct will be above n in floor of mouth
What can be found lateral to the sublingual gland in the floor of the oral cavity ?
only mm.
it is FREE of any nerves and vessels
Describe the parasympathetic pathwaay to the sublingual gland
superior salivatory nucleus->VII->chorda tymani->lingual->submandibular ganglion->sublinggual gland
Describe the sympathetic pathway to the sublingual gland
SCG->ECP-> Sublingual or facial plexus -> sublingual gland
What innervates the endoderm of the tongue?
endoderm is thee posterior 1/3 of the tongue, it is also called the pharyngeal portion. It is innervated by IX -GVA and SVA
What innervates the ectoderm of the tongue?
ectoderm makes up the ant 2/3 of the tongue, also called oral portion
Innervated by VII - SVA and lingual n - GSA
What innervates the intrinsic mm of the tongue?
GSE - XII
Does all the mm EXCEPT platoglossus (X)
What is the action of the genioglossus m?
protrude tongue
What is hypoglossal palsy?
paralysis, atrophy, fasciculations of the intrinsic tongue mm.
Unilateral: normal genioglossus deviates towards affected side
Bilateral: dyspnea, dysarthria, dysphagia
What closest the pharyngeal isthmus during deglutination
the soft palate - prevents reflux into the nasopharynx
What is the innervation of tensor veli palatine m? What is the action?
vagus
Tenses soft palate and opens auditory tube
What is the innervation of the levator veli palatini m? what is the action?
X (pharyngeal plexus)
elevates soft palate
What occurs if there is paralysis of the tensor or levator palate?
mm pull uvula towards normal side
What is a big bleeder during tonsillectomy?
tonsillar v
Where do fractures in the nose commonly occur?
between septal cartilage and ethmoid and vomer bone
What can the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube clinically be used for?
catherized to drain middle ear. sits posterior to the inferior concha
What fold has an underlying m? salpingopalatine fold or the salpingopharyngeal fold?
salpingopharyngeal fold
What region is located at the superior portion of the nasal cavity
olfactory region: olfactory receptor location
What choncae condition air by regulating blood flow?
middle and inferior
What causes nasal congesttion?
venous sinus dilate and engorge with blood. swelling of conchae that obliterate airflow
Where does the superior sinus drain into?
sphenoethmoidal recess that is post-sup to superior concha
What openings are in the superior meatus?
ethmoidal air cell openings
What opening is found in inferior meatus?
nasolacrimal duct
What terminal branch of maxillary a supplies the septum and lateral walls of the posterior half of the nasal cavity?
sphenopalatine a and its branches: posterior lateral and posterior septal a
What is kiesselbach’s area?
junctions between septal branches of superior labial a and sphenopalatine aa
where epistaxis - nose bleeds - occur often
What supplies the innervation to anterior 1/3 of nasal cavity?
anterior ethmoidal n.
Branch of nasocillary n
What supplies the innervation to posterior 2/3 of nasal cavity?
pterygopalatine ganglion branches
GVA fibers
What innervates the mucosa of gingiva and hard palate?
nasopalatine n
What is the function of conchae?
increase of Surface area of nasal cavity and humidify and warm inspired air
Describe the clinical significance of adenoids
Pharyngeal tonsil can hypertrophy and be called adenoids. these may obstruct auditory tube or nasopharynx
What is maxillary sinusitis?
inflammation and can be associated with tooth ache of 1st and 2nd moles
What can the close approximation of the maxillary sinus to the surrounding area cause clinically if there is an infection?
inflection can spread to frontal, ethmoidal cells, nasal cavity, teeth, and maxillary sinus
If there is a fracture, the maxillary sinus can open into the orbit
What is transmaxillary surgery used for?
to get to orbit, pterygoid fossa, teeth etc
What are the borders of the sphenoidal sinus?
superior: pituitary
inferior: nasopharynx
Ant: nasal cavity
Post: pons, basilar a
Lateral: ICA, V1, cavernous sinus
What forms the hard bony palate?
palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bone
