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Neuro 2 > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is susceptible to compression and shear injury which leads to traumatic optic neuropathy?

A

Intracanalicular portion of II nerve

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2
Q

What can loss of innervation to LPS cause? what innervation was lost?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris m elevates upper eyelid. destruction of III or branches leads to paralysis and

COMPLETE PTOSIS

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3
Q

Loss of innervation to tarsal m causes what? What is the innervation to the tarsal m?

A

Loss causes slight ptosis
Usually occurs with Horner’s syndrome
Loss in post sympathetics going to this smooth m

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4
Q

What is the drainage pathway of the lacrimal gland? why does the nose run when crying?

A

Lacrimal glands drain into apex of superior fornix
Lacrimal caniculi collect tears ->lacrimal sac ->nasolacrimal duct ->inferior meatus (this connection is why nose runs when crying)

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5
Q

Which wall of the orbit is thin?

A

the medial wall with the 7 bones

Paper thin

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6
Q

What is the thicker wall of the orbit?

A

Lateral

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7
Q

What goes through the optic canal?

A

CNII and ophthalmic a

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8
Q

What goes through SOF?

A

CNII, IV, V1, and VI

ophthalmic v

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9
Q

What are the margins of the orbit?

A

supraorbital margin: frontal bone and has a foramen
Lateral margin: zygomatic bone and orbital tubercle
Infraorbital margin: zygomatic and maxilla bone

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10
Q

What is TON?

A

Traumatic optic neruopathy: forces applied to temporal, maxillary and frontal regions transmitted to optic canal

There is an Immediate or slowly progressive loss of vision ipsilateral

Head is commonly struck by blunt object

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11
Q

What is a blow out fracture?

A

Floor of orbit trauma due to trauma of front eyeball

Herniation of orbit contents into maxillary sinus

Also air can come out of sinus to go behind orbit and push out eye

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12
Q

What are the three Le Forte Maxillary fractures?

A

I: transverse fracture of maxillae above alveolar processes
II: pyramidal shaped, one orbit
III: both orbits, face separated from skull (Panda)

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13
Q

What is the main GSA to the eyeball?

A

nasociliary

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14
Q

What is the GSA to the eye?

A

lacrimal

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15
Q

What conveys GSA pain fibers to cornea?

A

long ciliary n

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16
Q

What does the central a supply?

A

4 quadrants of the retina through upper and lower temporal branches and upper and lower nasal branches

Anastomose: circle of Zinn-haller

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17
Q

What happens with lesion of the superior division of III?

A

complete ptosis - LPS

Superior rectus - inability to abduct and elevate eye

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18
Q

What nerve does an increase in intercranial pressure compress causing paralysis and eye to be medial?

A

abducens n: lateral rectus

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19
Q

What are not the cardinal signs of Gaze?

A

Looking up or down

20
Q

What is oculomotor nerve palsy?

A

only mm working are SO and LR
Cant open eyes
eye is dilated
looking down and out

21
Q

What is the parasympathetic pathway for innervation to the eye?

A

EWN->CN III GVE-p->ciliary ganglion ->sphincter pupillae m +ciliary m

pupillary constriction and thickening of lens for near vision

22
Q

What is the sympathetic pathway for innervation of the eye?

A

SCG->ICN->sympathetic br to ciliary ganglion -> passes through ciliary ganglion->pupillary dilator and tarsal m

23
Q

What is the direct and consensual corneal reflexes?

A

lightly touching of cornea->naked n endings in cornea->nasociliary afferents (long)->descending nucleus of V->facial nucleus ->VII (temporal) ->orbicularis oculi m -> blink both eyes

In by 5, out by 7

24
Q

What is the direct light reflex?

A

Light->optic n->optic tract->branchium of superior colliculus ->superior colliculus ->pretectum->EWN->III->ciliary ganglion->pupillary const. mm ->ipsilateral constriction

25
Q

What is the consensual light reflex?

A

on the ipsilateral side:
light->optic n->optic tract->branchium of superior colliculus->superior colliculus->pretectum->Posterior commissure

Now on contralateral side:
->EWN->III->ciliary ganglion->pupillary const mm->contralateral constriction

26
Q

What is the pupillary dilation response?

A

Stimulus is decrease in light
retina->optic n->superior colliculus->pretectum->reticular formation->lateral reticulospinal tract->preganglionic sym ILCC at T1
->SCG->sympathetic branch to ciliary ganglion->pupillary dilator m

27
Q

What can blockage of sinus venosus sclera cause?

A

build of of pressure due to aqueous humor and ->glaucoma

28
Q

What are the signs of Horners syndrome?

A

Ptosis (SLIGHT), anhidrosis, and mitosis

There is a decrease in sympathetics

29
Q

What type of response is accommodation?

A

cortically mediated response!

30
Q

What are the three parts of accommodation?

A

I: convergence: medial recti mm
II: pupillary constriction - parasym through III
III: thickening of lens - focus on near

All parasympathetic responses

31
Q

What can pituitary macroademona cause when it infiltrates cavernous sinus?

A

press on optic chiasm: peripheral vision loss
CN III, IV, VI
ICA compression

32
Q

Where do cataracts form?

A

lens

33
Q

What is argyll-roberston pupil?

A

syphilis infection
pupils unreactive to light
Pupils do constrict during accomodation

Destruction of pretectum

34
Q

What is Holmes-Adie pupil?

A

benign due to lesion of ciliary ganglion
pupils unreactive to light
pupils do constrict during accommodation but take a LONG ASS TIME
common in young females

35
Q

What does choroid damage cause?

A

autoimmune rejection of undamaged eye

called sympathetic ophthalamia

36
Q

What divides the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber?

A

lens

37
Q

What is hyphema?

A

damage to arterial circle of iris

blood in ant. chamber due to trauma

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

38
Q

What is subconjuctival hemorrhage?

A

Damage to deep pericorneal plexus

bleeding restricted to subconjunctival tissue or bulbar fascia

39
Q

What is conjuctivities?

A

involves superficial pericorneal plexus

brick-red inflammation/irritant of conjuctiva especially at fornices
vessels movable
redness doesnt fade

40
Q

What is pailledema?

A

extension of subarachnoid space around optic n
increase in intercranial pressure restricts venous return from retina->edema or swelling of optic disc

may also disrupt retrograde axonal flow->proximal fibers swell

41
Q

What are the clinical presentations of atherosclerosis of central retinal a?

A

abrupt painless blindness

cherry red macula

42
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

chronic pain, extreme sporadic sudden burning facial pain

43
Q

describe meningeal dura

A

continuous with sheath of optic n and bulbar fascia

44
Q

Describe bulbar fascia

A

covers optic n and entire eyeball except cornea

45
Q

Where does the inferior ophthalmic v drain into?

A

plexus->cavernous sinus

Neuro 2 (4 decks)

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