Embryo

Question 1

Time period for head and neck to develop?

Answer 1

5-10 weeks

Question 2

What is the ectoderm of the frontonasal prominence innervated by?

Answer 2

V1-GSA

Question 3

What does the frontal nasal prominence form?

Answer 3

forehead, apex of nose

Question 4

What does the medial nasal prominence form?

Answer 4

phithrum , nasal septum, medial upper lip

Question 5

What does the intermaxillary segment form?

Answer 5

primary plate

Question 6

What innervates the ectoderm of the maxillary prominence of arch 1?

Answer 6

V2-GSA

Question 7

What innervates the ectoderm of the mandibular prominences ?

Answer 7

V3-GSA

Question 8

Oblique facial cleft

Answer 8

failure of lateral nasal prominences and maxillary prominences to fuse

Question 9

What are the mm of mastication innervated by?

Answer 9

the mesenchyme is innervated by SVE - V

arch I

Question 10

What are the mimetric mm innervated by?

Answer 10

the mesenchyme innervated by SVE VII

Arch II- invade mandibular and maxillary swellings

Question 11

What marks the boundary between the junction of primary and secondary palates and distinguishes anterior from posterior cleft deformation?

Answer 11

Incisive foramen

Question 12

What causes an anterior cleft deformity ?

Answer 12

Cleft lip and anterior cleft palate
failure of medial nasal and maxillary swellings to fuse

(males)

Question 13

What causes a posterior cleft deformity?

Answer 13

palatine shelves dont fuse

females

Question 14

What causes a median cleft lip and bifid nose?

Answer 14

medial nasal prominences dont fuse - rare

Question 15

The skeletal m of branchiomeric origin are innervated by what type of fibers?

Answer 15

SVE

Question 16

What are the sensory fibers found in the branchial arches?

Answer 16

GSA - sensory for ectoderm

GVA - sensory for viscera (endoderm)

Question 17

What does the 1st branchial arch form?

Answer 17

MM of mastication, ant. digastric, tensor tympani m, tensor palati m

incus and malleus

Question 18

What is the innervation of arch 1?

Answer 18

trigeminal

Question 19

What does the 1st groove form?

Answer 19

ectoderm: forms the external ear

- tympanic membrane and ext aud meatus

Question 20

What mm and skeleton does the 2nd branchial arch form?

Answer 20

mimetic, stapedius mm

stapes and hyoid (lesser horn)

Question 21

What is the innervation of arch II?

Answer 21

VII

Question 22

What mm and skeleton forms from branchial arch 3?

Answer 22

stylopharyngeus m

hyoid (body, greater horn)

Question 23

What is the innervation from arch 3?

Answer 23

IX

Question 24

What artery forms from arch 3?

Answer 24

stem of internal carotids

Question 25

What mm and skeleton forms from arch 4,6?

Answer 25

pharyngeal and laryngeal mm | laryngeal cartilages

Question 26

What is the innervation of arch 4 and 6?

Answer 26

vagus | recurrent laryngeal n

Question 27

What arteries form from arch 4 and 6?

Answer 27

``` aortic arch (L) subclavian (R) ```

Question 28

What does the ectoderm of the brachial arches form? pouches or grooves?

Answer 28

grooves

Question 29

What does the endoderm of the brachial arches form? pouches or grooves?

Answer 29

pouches

Question 30

What is first arch syndrome?

Answer 30

treacher collins syndrome impaired growth of midface small chin, enlarged nose, cleft palate, and maybe cleft lip in 50%: some conductive hearing loss due to underdevelopment of ossicles

Question 31

What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch form?

Answer 31

inner and middle ear: eustachian tube and tympanic cavity

Question 32

What does the 2nd brachial pouch form?

Answer 32

root of tongue, tonsil buds

Question 33

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch form?

Answer 33

inferior parathyroid glands, thymus

Question 34

What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch form?

Answer 34

superior parathyroid glands

Question 35

How do thyroglossal ductal cysts form?

Answer 35

when thyroid descends in neck, thyroglossal duct connects the thyroid to the tongue and the foramen cecum The diverticulum should solidify and thyroid lobes bud off if the duct persist, cysts can form. remnants may include ectopic thyroid tissue. also some glandular often persists along midline as pyramidal lobes

Question 36

What does the tongue develop from?

Answer 36

median mass of arch II (copula) and the hypobranchial eminence of arch III

Question 37

What demarcates the anterior of the tongue from posterior?

Answer 37

sulcus terminalis

Question 38

What innervates the intrinsic mm of the tongue?

Answer 38

GSE fibers from XII

Question 39

What is the innervation of the ant 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 39

VII - taste - SVA | V3 - sensory - GSA

Question 40

Cranioschisis

Answer 40

failure of occipital and parietal bones to completely form or close