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Neuro 2 > Embryo > Flashcards

Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

Time period for head and neck to develop?

A

5-10 weeks

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2
Q

What is the ectoderm of the frontonasal prominence innervated by?

A

V1-GSA

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3
Q

What does the frontal nasal prominence form?

A

forehead, apex of nose

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4
Q

What does the medial nasal prominence form?

A

phithrum , nasal septum, medial upper lip

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5
Q

What does the intermaxillary segment form?

A

primary plate

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6
Q

What innervates the ectoderm of the maxillary prominence of arch 1?

A

V2-GSA

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7
Q

What innervates the ectoderm of the mandibular prominences ?

A

V3-GSA

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8
Q

Oblique facial cleft

A

failure of lateral nasal prominences and maxillary prominences to fuse

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9
Q

What are the mm of mastication innervated by?

A

the mesenchyme is innervated by SVE - V

arch I

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10
Q

What are the mimetric mm innervated by?

A

the mesenchyme innervated by SVE VII

Arch II- invade mandibular and maxillary swellings

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11
Q

What marks the boundary between the junction of primary and secondary palates and distinguishes anterior from posterior cleft deformation?

A

Incisive foramen

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12
Q

What causes an anterior cleft deformity ?

A

Cleft lip and anterior cleft palate
failure of medial nasal and maxillary swellings to fuse

(males)

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13
Q

What causes a posterior cleft deformity?

A

palatine shelves dont fuse

females

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14
Q

What causes a median cleft lip and bifid nose?

A

medial nasal prominences dont fuse - rare

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15
Q

The skeletal m of branchiomeric origin are innervated by what type of fibers?

A

SVE

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16
Q

What are the sensory fibers found in the branchial arches?

A

GSA - sensory for ectoderm

GVA - sensory for viscera (endoderm)

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17
Q

What does the 1st branchial arch form?

A

MM of mastication, ant. digastric, tensor tympani m, tensor palati m

incus and malleus

18
Q

What is the innervation of arch 1?

A

trigeminal

19
Q

What does the 1st groove form?

A

ectoderm: forms the external ear

- tympanic membrane and ext aud meatus

20
Q

What mm and skeleton does the 2nd branchial arch form?

A

mimetic, stapedius mm

stapes and hyoid (lesser horn)

21
Q

What is the innervation of arch II?

A

VII

22
Q

What mm and skeleton forms from branchial arch 3?

A

stylopharyngeus m

hyoid (body, greater horn)

23
Q

What is the innervation from arch 3?

A

IX

24
Q

What artery forms from arch 3?

A

stem of internal carotids

25
Q

What mm and skeleton forms from arch 4,6?

A

pharyngeal and laryngeal mm

laryngeal cartilages

26
Q

What is the innervation of arch 4 and 6?

A

vagus

recurrent laryngeal n

27
Q

What arteries form from arch 4 and 6?

A 
aortic arch (L)
subclavian (R)
28
Q

What does the ectoderm of the brachial arches form? pouches or grooves?

A

grooves

29
Q

What does the endoderm of the brachial arches form? pouches or grooves?

A

pouches

30
Q

What is first arch syndrome?

A

treacher collins syndrome

impaired growth of midface
small chin, enlarged nose, cleft palate, and maybe cleft lip
in 50%: some conductive hearing loss due to underdevelopment of ossicles

31
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch form?

A

inner and middle ear: eustachian tube and tympanic cavity

32
Q

What does the 2nd brachial pouch form?

A

root of tongue, tonsil buds

33
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch form?

A

inferior parathyroid glands, thymus

34
Q

What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch form?

A

superior parathyroid glands

35
Q

How do thyroglossal ductal cysts form?

A

when thyroid descends in neck, thyroglossal duct connects the thyroid to the tongue and the foramen cecum

The diverticulum should solidify and thyroid lobes bud off

if the duct persist, cysts can form. remnants may include ectopic thyroid tissue. also some glandular often persists along midline as pyramidal lobes

36
Q

What does the tongue develop from?

A

median mass of arch II (copula) and the hypobranchial eminence of arch III

37
Q

What demarcates the anterior of the tongue from posterior?

A

sulcus terminalis

38
Q

What innervates the intrinsic mm of the tongue?

A

GSE fibers from XII

39
Q

What is the innervation of the ant 2/3 of the tongue?

A

VII - taste - SVA

V3 - sensory - GSA

40
Q

Cranioschisis

A

failure of occipital and parietal bones to completely form or close

Neuro 2 (4 decks)

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