Oral Cavity Flashcards
name the 3 phases of swallowing
- voluntary initiation of swallowing
- reflex closure of airway
- mylohyoid, digastric and thyrohyoid elevate larynx
- epiglottis covers and seals the laryngeal inlet
- soft palate is tightened, elevated, and apposed to posterior pharyngeal wall, sealing upper airway
- reflex transport of the bolus down the pharynx and esophagus
name and describe the extrinsic tongue nerves
all extrinsic muscles end in -glossus
- palatoglossus
- elevates tongue
- CN X
- styloglossus
- retracts tongue
- CN XII
- genioglossus
- protrudes tongue
- CN XII
- hypoglossus
- depresses tongue
- CN XII
name the muscles of the palate
- levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus are all innervated by X
- the only palate muscle that is NOT innervated by X is the tensor veli palatini which is innervated by V3
name the function of suprahyoid muscles
- suprahyoid muscles:
- open mouth
- elevate hyoid bone and move it forward during swallowing
- mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid
what muscles does the mylohyoid nerve innervate?
- mylohyoid
- ant. belly of digastric
what does the facial nerve innervate?
- posterior digastric
- stylohyoid
what does the ventral ramus of C1 spinal nerve innervate and what does it travel with?
travels with hypoglossal nerve
- geniohyoid
- thryhyoid
describe the lingual artery
- the lingual artery arises from the external carotid artery
- passes deep to hypoglossus, turns superiorly to give off deep and sublingual branches
describe the submandibular gland
- location
- deep part: inside oral cavity
- superficial part: beneath mylohyoid
- submandibular duct
- emerges from the deep part and runs forward
- opens at the base of the frenulum via Wharton’s Duct
- double-crosesd by the lingual nerve
describe sublingual gland
- location
- beneath the mucous membrane
- along the inner surface of the mandible
- sublingual ducts
- numerous
- open onto crest of sublingual gland
describe lymph drainage of the tongue
describe the spread of infnxs of the nasal mucosa
- nasopharynx to oropharynx
- middle ear (otitis media) via pharyngotympanic tube
- mastoid air cells (mastoiditis) via openings from middle ear
- conjunctiva (conjunctivitis) via lacrimal apparatus
- meninges (meningitis) via olfactory foramina
name the suprahyoid muscles
- mylohyoid (V3)
- geniohyoid (C1)
- anterior digastric (V3)
- posterior digastric (VII)
- stylohyoid (VII)
name the infrahyoid muscles
- innervated by ansa cervicalis
- sternothyroid
- sternohyoid
- omohyoid
- innervated by C1
- thyrohyoid
describe the motor and sensory innervation of the tongue
describe the gag reflex
- afferent limb = CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
- efferent limb = CN X (vagus) to constrictors of pharynx
describe the bones making up the nasal conchae
- 3 plates of bone projecting from lateral wall
- superior and middle are part of ethmoid
- inf. is separate bone
- covered with high vascular mucous membrane
- turbulent airflow over conchae increases warming, humidification and filtration of air
describe the paranasal sinuses and their innervations
- air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity
- lined with mucous membrane
- frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid innervated by branches of V-1
- maxillary innervated by superior alveolar nerve (V2)
describe the innervation of the nasal cavity
- septum
- anterosuperior portion by ant. ethmoidal branches from V1
- posteroinferior portion by nasopalatine from V2
- lateral wall
- anterosuperior portion by ant ethmoidal branches from V1
- posteroinferior portion by branches of greater palatine from V2
describe Kiesselbach’s area
- anastomoses in the nasal septum between sphenopalatine a. a. and the facial a.
