Face and Scalp

Question 1

name the branches of V-1

Answer 1

NFL

• nasociliary
• frontal
• lacrimal

Question 2

name the branches of V-2

Answer 2

Question 3

name the branches of V3

Answer 3

muscles of mastication

• MAST
  
  • masseter (closes jaw)
  • temporalis (closes jaw)
  • medial pterygoid (closes jaw)
  • lateral pterygoid (opens jaw)
    
    • Lateral Lowers
• MASS
  
  • Mylohyoid
  • Anterior digastric
  • Tensor tympani
  • Tensor veli palatini

Question 4

describe the posterior vs anterior division of V3

Answer 4

• posterior:
  
  • auriculotemporal nerve
    
    • general sensory from auricle and lateral scalp; sensory from TMJ
    • PS to parotid gland
  • inferior alveolar nerve
    
    • nerve to mylohyoid
    • mental n.
  • lingual nerve
  • chorda tympani
• anterior
  
  • buccal nerve
  • muscular branches to mastication muscles

Question 5

Answer 5

greater occipital = dorsal primary ramus of cervical spinal nerve 2

lesser occipital = C2 (cervical plexus)

great auricular = C2, C3 (cervical plexus)

Question 6

describe the muscles of facial expression

Answer 6

• all innervated by facial nerve, CN VII
• developed from 2nd pharyngeal arch
• located in superficial fascia
• attach to bone or CT proximally
• attach to dermis of skin distally

Question 7

the ____ and ____ _____ nerves (branches of V2) carry postganglionic PS fibers in addition to sensory fibers to the oral cavity

Answer 7

the greater and lesser palatine nerves (branches of V2) carry postganglionic PS fibers in addition to sensory fibers to the oral cavity

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

where do the motor branches of the facial nerves exit from?

Answer 9

they exit from the stylomastoid foramen

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

name the cranial nerves on the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

Answer 11

O TOM CAT

Oculomotor Trochlear Ophthalmic (V-1) Maxillary (V3) = lateral wall cranial nerves

Question 12

describe the danger area of the face

Answer 12

• facial vein connections with deeper veins
  
  • directly to cavernous sinus by superior ophthalmic veins (angular vein)
  • to pterygoid venous plexus by deep facial vein and then to cavernous sinus through emissary veins
• these are valveless connections
• infxns in the danger area of the face can very easily be disseminated intracranially

Question 13

name the cranial nerves on the medial wall of the cavernous sinus

Answer 13

O TOM CAT

Carotid artery (internal) Abducens Trochlear = medial wall

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

describe the corneal reflex pathway

Answer 16

Question 17

describe the lymphatic drainage of the face

Answer 17

• submental nodes
  
  • drain medial part of lower lip and chin
• submandibular nodes
  
  • drains medial corner of the orbit, external nose, medial cheek, upper lip, and lateral part of lower lip
• pre-auricular and parotid
  
  • drains eyelids, external nose and lateral cheek

Question 18

describe the layers of the scalp

Answer 18

SCALP

• skin
• connective tissue (dense)
• aponeurotic layer
  
  • contains occipitofrontalis m.
• loose connective tissue
  
  • danger zone: infxns can easily spread through this layer to emissary vein
• pericranium