#Oral Flashcards
What are some differences between the 767 and the 787?
Many
A few examples:
1.Electrical (number of generators, distribution, cooling)
2. Hydraulics (high pressure,fewer items)
3. Air System (A/C using CAC, electrically driven, not using bleed air)
4. Flight Controls (Fly by wire),
5. HUD
6. Number of doors
7. Synoptic pages
Are any limitations different than the 767?
Yes. 1. Occupant limit (367 or 415 for -9)) 2. weight and CG (503,500/502,500/380,000,355,000) 3. Vmo/Mmo 4. Flap speed limit (250/230/215/210/180/170, more flap seeings on the -9 (10,17,18) 5. Max duration of takeoff thrust for single engine is ten minutes 6. Use of engine anti ice (Auto anti ice, turn on during ground ops) 7. Engine EGT & Oil limits 8. Crosswind for takeoff and landing (35TO/33LG, -9 29TO/35LG) 9. Overhead rest facilities added 10. Autoland (can land with one or two engines)
Cold weather Operations.
What do you do when OAT is -7C?
When visible moisture is present and OAT is between 3C and -7C:
If ground operations do not exceed 60 minutes,
1. Either 20TPR(42% N1) or higher engine run up for 30 seconds
or
2. Engine inspection by maintenance personnel.
Info 34C
Cold weather Operations.
When you exceed 60 minutes of ground time during 3C to -7C, what should you do?
GTB and maintenance inspection
Info 34C
Cold weather Operations.
What should the arriving crew do during Icing conditions?
Request maintenance to perform inspection after block in and record it into the Journey & Radio log
Info 34C
Are there any threats on the TCP panel?
Yes. According to Info 125B, it is reported that the frequency set on the TCP changes accidentally and received audio on the ACP will be lost. Monitor frequency and ACP receiver lights.
Electrical
What are the electrical differences from the 767?
*4 Variable Frequency engine starter/generators
*2 Variable Frequency APU starter/generators
*Large Motor controller, The airplane’s use of variable frequency power requires large
Motor Loads to be energized by motor controllers, which conditions that power for use.
*Electric Brake system, 4 electric brake power supply units regulate power for the Exclusive use of the airplane electric brake system.
*3 x External power Receptacles (2 FWD - 1 AFT)
*Electric Wing A/I protection
*Flight controls (fly by wire) Stabilizer, Spoilers
Electrical
What are the electrical power sources?
Electrical power sources are:
*Four variable Frequency engine starter/generators
*Two variable Frequency APU starter/generators
*Three external AC power receptacles
*One Ram Air Turbine (RAT)
*One main battery
*One APU battery
*Three flight control Permanent Magnet Generators
*Two EEC Permanent Magnet Alternators
AOM 6.20.1
Electrical #S
Name some items are that on Primary 115VAC, Primary 28VDC, and Primary 235?
Primary 115 Vac Loads: Cabin Exterior lighting Cabin Systems & IFE Galley Power GPWS, WXR Transponder, TCAS Window HEAT HF-SATCOM
Primary 28 Vdc Loads: Ground Operations Common Core System Audio & VHF Com Auto Pilot / Auto Throttle Engine Igniters DC Fuel Pump Brake Power Secondary FCTL Power Backup FCTL power Standby power
Primary 235 Loads: Wing ice protection ECS Recirc fans Main Tank fuel Pumps Cargo Heaters Spoilers Stabilizer Alternate Flaps Equipment cooling Galley Refrigeration Aft Galley complex
Flight control
What are the unique fail situations for loss of all hydraulic power?
What if there is a complete loss of flight control signaling?
In the unlikely event of the loss of all hydraulic power
- The electrically actuated stabilizer and the two spoiler pairs allow pilot control of pitch and roll using the Primary pitch trim switches, alternate pitch trim switches, and the control wheel.
-If there is a complete loss of flight control signaling, direct wiring from the flight deck to the stabilizer and a spoiler pair allow pilot control of pitch using alternate pitch trim switches and roll using the control wheel.
AOM 9.20.2
Hydraulics/Flight controls
If you forget to set the hydraulic panel prior to the weight and balance, When will you notice?
??
Engines/APU
What are some engine differences on the 787 from the 767? What are the characteristics?
RR Trent rated at 69,800 Pounds of take off thrust. The engines are three-rotor axial flow Turbofans of high compression and bypass ratio. TPR, N1 and EGT are the primary engine Indication.
(AOM 7.20.1)
Engines
What is TAP? How does it operate?
TAP is an automatic feature that provides protection against Asymmetric thrust during takeoff or go-around by limiting thrust on the higher thrust engine. TAP enhances safety by:
- Allowing a decrease in approach speed at light gross weights,
- Providing engine-out control capability for speeds above stick shaker
- Allowing full rated thrust to be available for all-engine operation at weights and airspeeds.
Fire protection
What is the fire protection system that is different between in FLT and on GND?
Cargo Compartment Fire Extinguishing.
*In flight:
A fire warning from the cargo fire detection system causes the immediate total Discharge of two extinguisher bottles into the affected compartment. After 15 min. Time Delay, the remaining three extinguisher bottles discharge at a reduced flow rate into the Compartment.
VS
*On the ground, if a Cargo Fire Discharge switch is pushed, three extinguisher bottles discharge simultaneously into the selected compartment, with the third bottle Discharging at a reduced flow rate.
Stall protection
Stall protection reduces the likelihood of inadvertently exceeding the stall angle of attack by providing enhanced crew awareness of the approach to stall or to a stalled condition. Stall protection limits the speed to which the airplane can be trimmed . The trim reference Speed is limited by inhibiting trim in the nose up direction when the airplane slows to a Speed where maneuver margin is limited.This trim inhibit speed is approximately the Minimum maneuvering speed (top of the amber band) at lower altitudes and can be 10 to 20 knots lower than the top of the amber band at higher altitudes.
(AOM 9.20.12)
Auto flight
In which mode does A/T not wake up?
Thrust levers can be manually positioned without disconnecting the auto throttle. After
Manual positioning, the auto throttle system repositions thrust levers to comply with the Active mode. The auto throttle system does not reposition thrust levers while in HOLD Mode. When the pitch flight mode annunciation is FLCH SPD, the auto throttle can enter The HOLD mode. This occurs if the pilot overrides thrust levers; or, in a descent, when Thrust levers retard to IDLE. When in HOLD mode, thrust lever servos are inhibited And the autothrottle does not control thrust or speed. Thrust levers can be manually Advanced.
(AOM 4.20.13)
FLT instruments
(ALT,SPD,ATT,HDG,POSITION)
What is each data source?
Initial Reference System (IRS):
The IRS is the primary source for attitude and inertial navigation position information.
The major components of the IRS are:
Two Inertial reference units (IRU) The IRU is the primary source for independent
Inertial navigation position information.
*Two attitude heading reference units (AHRU) The AHRU are the primary source
For attitude and heading information.
Air Data Reference system (ADRS) The ADRS provides primary, secondary and standby air Data information for ALT and SPD information. The major components of the ADRS are: *Six air data modules *Six static ports *Three pitot probes *Two angle of attack sensors *One total air temperature probe (AOM 10.20.17 - 11.20.8)
Navigation
What is Nav. Air Data System?
ADRS and IRS (AHRU) provides Altitude, Airspeed, Attitude, Heading, Position information
ADRS also provides Altitude and Airspeed to ISFD.
(AOM 11.20.8)
What is The difference between AIRSPEED UNRELIABLE and NAV AIRSPEED DATA?
PFD Airspeed by AOA. Altitude by GPS.
If using GPS altitude , the altimeter cannot be used to accurately maintain ATC
assigned altitudes.
Primary flight controls enter secondary mode
AFDS INOP
Auto pilot INOP
Auto Throttles INOP
Performance
What are Cautions when flying around MAX ALT?
At MAX ALT 1.3 buffet margin line is a conventional machine, it is common
To be near thrust limit Altitude. Warmer Temperature deviation from ISA could
Make the buffet margin less than 1.3 Aft Cruise CG would be favorable, avoid
Large Bank angles and turbulence.
Performance
What are measures to improve Take Off performance
A new method of Take Off introduced in B787
* Optimum V1 * Improved Climb * Alternate Forward C.G.
Optimum V1 is a method of using unbalanced V1 as necessary when long RWY is
Available. There are cases where it is more effective to lift off at a short distance
By making V1 larger than balanced V1, such as when there is an obstacle in
The immediate vicinity of the RWY.
Improved climb is a technique to increase the Take Off weight by increasing
The Take Off speed when the RWY is long enough.
Alternate Forward C.G. Is a technique for improving Take Off performance on Short Runways By setting the Forward limit of G.G. Backward. Take Off performance is calculated based on the most disadvantaged position among Certified CG limit regardless of actual Take Off CG position. For example, stall speed and Vmu are set at the forward limit, Vmcg and Vmca are set at the backward limit. However, by Limiting the forward limit from a forward CG limit to alternate forward CG limit, it is possible To improve Take Off performance on short Runways.
Performance
What is optimum V1?
Optimum V1 is a method of using unbalanced V1 as necessary when long RWY is
Available. There are cases where it is more effective to lift off at a short distance
By making V1 larger than balanced V1, such as when there is an obstacle in
The immediate vicinity of the RWY.
Performance
What is Improved climb?
Improved climb is a technique to increase the Take Off weight by increasing
The Take Off speed when the RWY is long enough.
Performance
What is alternate forward CG technique?
Alternate Forward C.G. Is a technique for improving Take Off performance on Short Runways By setting the Forward limit of C.G. Backward. Take Off performance is calculated based on the most disadvantaged position among Certified CG limit regardless of actual Take Off CG position. For example, stall speed and Vmu are set at the forward limit, Vmcg and Vmca are set at the backward limit. However, by Limiting the forward limit from a forward CG limit to alternate forward CG limit, it is possible To improve Take Off performance on short Runways.
Navigation
What are VNAV mode changes from takeoff to descent?
VNAV CLM - VNAV CRZ - VNAV DES. (VNAV SPD - VNAV PATH)
ECL
What are the merits and demerits of the ECL?
Merits Improved information processing Reduced workload Better situational awareness Reduced errors
Demerits
Can’t see any demerits of Normal Electronic Checklist except over reliance on automation in the event electronic checklist is unavailable and reversion to paper checklist.
ECL
What if you forget to do an ECL checklist?
EICAS message displays when checklists have not been completed by:
Before taxi alert - aircraft starts taxiing
Before takeoff alert - aircraft is aligned with FMC takeoff runway
Approach alert - defended below the FMC transition altitude and flaps are out of up
Landing alert - altitude less than 500ft
Limitations
What fuel is prohibited to be used?
JP-4 and Jet B
(AOM L.3.9)
Procedures
What Items do you check on the status page during preliminary preflight procedure?
Verify only expected messages are shown.
Verify the following are sufficient for flight:
oxygen pressure: DOM 860psi / INT 1250psi
hydraulic quantity: Quantity indication does not show RF
Secondary engine indication:
engine oil quantity: At or above 16 quarts (AOM NP.21.2)
Performance
What are the Characteristics of the performance?
AFM takeoff performance for DRY/WET and ANA for SLIPPERY
AFM landing performance for DRY/WET and ANA for SLIPPERY
Performance
What airport would you need to use alternate CG?
Airport with short runway, HND for Europe and North American flights, DUS, MEX
Procedures
What do you do when windshear is expected?
Best to avoid windshear completely. Presence of windshear may be indicated by... Thunderstorm activity Virga PIREPS LLWAS warning PWS alert
If windshear suspected, pilots should use caution against inadvertent encounter.
Takeoff
Less than max thrust not recommended (unless dispatch performance req.)
Use most extended flaps which complies with performance
Use Longest Runway
Use F/D after takeoff
Consider increasing VR
Be alert for airspeed fluctuations during takeoff and initial climb
Know all engine initial climb attitude
Avoid using stab trim until airplane is stabilized
Crew coordination and awareness very important
If airspeed below trim airspeed, unusual C/C forces to maintain pitch
If stick shaker encountered, reduce pitch. Do not exceed PLI
Landing
Use most suitable runway to avoid areas of suspected windshear
Land with shallow Flaps
Establish stabilized approach ASAP
Use G/S, VNAV Path or VASI/PAPI to help detect flight path deviations
If A/T not connected for landing set target approach speed accordingly
Cross check F/D commands with VSI/Altimeter/G/S deviation
Crew coordination and awareness very important
Avoid large thrust reductions/trim changes in response to sudden airspeed
loss If encountered, immediately perform windshear escape manoeuvre.
Procedure
What is the windshear escape maneuver?
Windshear warning “Go around, windshear!”
MANUAL FLIGHT
Disengage autopilot, Push either TOGA switch, apply max thrust, disconnect auto throttle, wings level and pitch 15, speed brake down, follow TO/GA guidance
AUTOPILOT
Push either TO/GA switch, verify TO/GA mode annunciation, Verify GA Thrust, set the speed brake lever to down, monitor system performance of autopilot and autothrottle
- *Do not change gear or flap configuration
- *Monitor vertical speed and altitude
- *Do not attempt to regain lost airspeed until windshear is no longer a factor
Limitations
What are the crosswind limits?
Dry - 35TO/33LDG -9 29TO/35LDG
Wet grooved - 25
Wet Non-Grooved - 20
Flooded - 10
Ice or Snow: Good - 20 Medium to good & Medium - 20 (15 <2500m) Medium to poor - 15 (10< 2500m) Poor- 10
Slush:
2mm or less - 15
3-12mm - 10
Brakes
When does the RTO function operate?
Commands maximum brake pressure if the airplane is on the ground and:
groundspeed above 85kts
Both thrust levers are moved to IDLE
(At or below 85kts the auto brakes will not operate)
AOM 14.20.5
Engines
What is TPR?
Turbofan power ratio
- Primary engine indication
- highly accurate thrust
TPR =( P30 x square root of TGT) ( P20 x square root of T20)
AOR 7.2.1
Procedures
When should you land at the nearest suitable airport?
Landing at the nearest suitable airport should be considered by PIC when:
- non normal checklist contains the phrase “Plan to land at nearest suitable airport”
- smoke/fumes or fire started in the cabin or crew rest compartment and its elimination is unable to be confirmed
- there exists only 2AC power source remaining ( 2 main engine generator only or 1 main engine generator + both APU generator)
- altimeter malfunction offers and correct altitude can not be confirmed by related procedures
- Any other situation where significant adverse effects on safety may be possible if flight is continued
Electrics
What is the PECS?
PECS Power Electronics Cooling System is a liquid cooling system for the large motor power distribution system located in the aft E/E compartment. It also provides liquid cooling to the supplemental cooling units and associated motor controllers of the Integrated Cooling System (AOM 2.20.14)
Flight controls
What is the merit and demerit of fly by wire?
- conventional control feel and pitch responses to speed and trim changes.
- enhanced handling qualities and reduced pilot workload.
- The primary flight control system is highly redundant with three operating modes; Normal, Secondary and Direct. (AOM Chapter 9 section 20)
Requires and relies on electrical power
More complex
Protections
What protections does B787 have?
Bank angle
Overspeed
Stall
(AOM 9.20.8)
Flight envelope; The autopilot and autothrottle systems prevent stall and overspeed.
-Overspeed protection is available with flaps up for all modes except G/S.
- With flaps out of up, flight envelope protection is only available in FLCH and TO/GA
Automatic aut throttle activation:
The autothrottle can provide stall protection when armed and not active in pitch modes other than FLCH SPD or TOGA. (Speed is less than an FMC calculate value for one second, and thrust is below reference thrust limit and above 400 feet after takeoff and above 100 feet RA on approach)
The autothrottle will not automatically activate to support stall protection if pitch mode is FLCH SPD or TOGA.
AUTOPILOT EICAS caution displays if the autopilot has begun flight envelope protection or and amber line displays through the affected active roll or pitch flight mode annunciation.
When engaged the autopilot limits bank angle to 30 further assisting flight envelope protection.
(AOM 4.20.27)
Not available in Secondary or Direct modes
Hydraulics
What requires hydraulics?
Nose gear steering Leading edge slats Trailing edge flaps Landing gear Flight Controls Thrust reversers (AOM Chapter 13 Section 20)
Navigation
Tell me IAN and Autoland?
IAN doesn’t support automatic landings.
A NO AUTOLAND alert appears on the PFD and HUD if the autopilot remains engaged below 100 feet RA. (AOM 4.20.19)
General
What are the dimensions?
60.1m wide
56.7m long (6.1 longer)
16.9m high
(AOM 1.10.1)
General
Turning Radius? Minimum required width? How to do it in 45m RWY?
Minimum turn procedure
42.4m (787-8)
34.6m (787-8)
Pivoting turn Procedure only when there is no alternative means (AOM PT.1.12)
Procedures
What are the confirmed actions?
Auto throttle arm switch Engine thrust lever Fuel control swith Engine or APU Fire switch, Cargo arm Switch Generator drive disconnect switch (QRH CI.2.12)
Performance
What is 1 degree of assumed temperature equal to?
1℃＝3,000lbs＝100ft
Procedures
What are the documents carried in the airplane?
Registration certificate Airworthiness certificate Designation for operating limitations Radio station licence Emergency documents QRH Journey log MEL/CDL log Earth station licence Airplane operations manual Operations policy – vol 2 MEL/CDL Manual Operations manual Route manual Enroute charts Air operator certificate true transcript Civil aircraft landing permit Emergency response guide for dangerous goods Operations specifications Noise documents (OM 2.S.3)
Procedures
What is the front cover of QRH? The back cover?
front=Quick Action INDEX、 back=EVAC C’K List
Procedures
What are the preliminary preflight procedures are only required on originating flights ?
F/D access
Evac & interphone check
(AOM NP.21.1)
If a crew member leaves the cockpit: Emergency equipment
Procedures
What is the unannunciated checklists for Engines,APU
5 ＝Aborted ENG Start・Dual Eng Fail・Eng In-Flt Start・Eng Svr Damage/Sep・Volcanic Ash
Limitations
What is turbulence penetration speed?
25000ft less than. 290 KIAS
25000ft or greater. slower of 310KIAS or .84 Mach
Procedures
If you want reduce airspeed due to turbulence ,
How much could we reduce airspeed ?
If below .84 Mach, Maneuvering speed plus 15kts or greater
When FMC is inoperative,what speed should be used?
?
