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HEENT > Oral > Flashcards

Oral Flashcards

1
Q

Xerostomia

A

dry mouth

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2
Q

Dental Caries etiology

A

Strep mutans
Bacterial acid demineralizes enamel

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3
Q

disorder?

Begins asymptomatically as a destructive process of the hard surface of the tooth

A

Dental Caries

Cavities

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4
Q

Over time, dental caries extends to the underlying dentin and penetration of the tooth pulp

A

Pulpitis

dental abscess

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5
Q

Constant tooth pain is worse when laying down. **Acute or irreversible pulpitis? **

A

Irreversible pulpitis

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6
Q

painful gingiva, tissue appears eroded with superficial grayish pseudomembranes, foul breath, excessive salivation

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG), a type of acute agressive periodontal disease

“Trench mouth” “Vincent’s infx”

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7
Q

Trmnt for necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?

“trench mouth”

A
  • warm 1/2 peroxide rinse
  • Chlorhexidine (Peridex) oral soln
  • Augmentin 875mg
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8
Q

Child with creamy-white curd-like rmvble patches on their oral mucosa

A

Oral Candidiasis

thrush

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9
Q

Adult comes in with oral candidiasis. Concern for what?

A

first manifestation of HIV

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10
Q

How to diagnose Oral candidiasis?

A
  • pour some potassium hydroxide (KOH) and see if it begins to budd yeast
  • culture for candidia albicans
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11
Q

Oral Candidiasis trmnt

A
  • Fluconazole (diflucan)
  • clotrimazole oral lozenge
  • nystatin soln (oral rinse)

refractory cases: itraconazole

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12
Q

trmnt for pt who has oral candidiasis after using their inhaler for a different condition?

A

oral rinse after inhaler use

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13
Q

lacy white plaques on oral mucosa

A

Oral Lichen Planus

trmnt: biopsy to rule oui SCC
topical corticosteroids

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14
Q

well demarcated white lesion that cannot be rmved with friction (rubbing)

A

Leukoplakia

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15
Q

What is this and what is it a concern for?

A

Hairy Leukplakia is a common sign of HIV infx

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16
Q

Leukoplakia vs Erythroplakia

A

Leukoplakia is white (soemtimes hairy -> HIV) and CANNOT be rubbed off.
Erythroplakia is RED and Inflammatory, and will bleed when scraped.

17
Q

Well-demarcated white lesion with lots of redness aorund it. Bleeds easily when scraped

A

Erythroplakia

18
Q

Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia management. Which one has a higher risk for cancer?

A

biopsy for SCC.
Erythroplakia = 90% chance SCC or dysplasia
Leukoplakia = 2-6% chance SCC or dysplasia

There are no approved therapies for reversing or stabilizing LP or EP

19
Q

90% of oral cancers are ____

20
Q

Early oral cancer lesions often appear as ___ or _____.

A

leukoplakia or erythroplakia

21
Q

unilateral throat masses with painful swallowing and wt loss

oftem buried within palatine or lingual tonsils

A

Oropharyngeal cancer (SCC)

22
Q

Fancy name for canker sores

A

Apthous Ulcers

Ulcerative Stomatitis

23
Q

Stomatitis

A

inflammation of the oral mucosa

24
Q

Canker Sore Trmnt

A
  • Orabase, Triamcinolone
  • viscous lidocaine rinse

pance pearls V3 says 1st line trmnt is topical oral glucocorticoids (dexamethasone)

25
Q

blisters on gums caused by ____ infection during childhood

A

HSV

Herpetic Gingivostamtitis

26
Q

blisters on tongue and lip caused by ___ infection during childhood

A

HSV

herpetic stomatitis

27
Q

Trmnt for oral HSV infection

A

Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Valacylovir (Valtrex)

28
Q

oropharyngeal vesicles, fever 101F, refusing to eat, mouth and throat pain

A

Herpangina - Hand/foot/mouth (HFM)

29
Q

etiology & trmnt

Herpangina - Hand/foot/mouth (HFM)?

A

Coxsackie virus
No trmnt (tylenol)

30
Q

Trmnt for Herpangina and HFMD?

A
  • Tylenol

no trmnt needed

31
Q

Sialadenitis vs Sialolithiasis

A

Sialadenitis - bac infx of a salivary gland, usually due to an obstructing stone or gland hyposecretion

Sialolithiasis - THE STONE (Ca++ salts)

32
Q

Sialadenitis is most often caused by which pathogen? which gland?

A
  • S. aureus, S. pneumonia, H. Flu
  • Mainly parotid or submandibular
33
Q

Sialadenitis trmnt severe cases

A
  • hydration
  • IV ABX Nafcillin
  • CT or US
  • I&D
34
Q

painless salivary gland mass. Trmnt?

A
  • poss cancer (especially if facial nerve involved)
  • Fine needle aspiration (preferred)
  • MRI/CT
  • Sx Rmvl, post-op rad
35
Q

benign bony exostosis, may be midline of hard palate or on floor of mouth

A

Torus Palatinus or Mandibularis

36
Q

dysphagia and speech problems

A

Ankyloglossia

tongie-tied

Frenectomy once >4yo

37
Q

Leukoplakia vs Erythroplakia

A

Leukoplakia is white (soemtimes hairy -> HIV) and CANNOT be rubbed off.
Erythroplakia is RED and Inflammatory, and will bleed when scraped.

HEENT (9 decks)

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