Option D.1 Human Nutrition

Question 1

What are nutrients?

Answer 1

chemical substances found in food that are used in our body. some essential, some non essential

Question 2

When are nutrients essential?

Answer 2

Essential nutrients are sources that are the only possible source of nutrient. they cannot be synthesized by the body

Question 3

What are examples of essential nutrients?

Answer 3

amino acids, some unsaturated fatty acids, some minerals, calcium, vitamins and water

Question 4

Are minerals and ions needced in large or small quantities & why?

Answer 4

Small quantities because chemical structure is different.

Vitamins are organic compounds

Minerals derive from inorganic

Question 5

Why are carbohydrates not part of the essential nutrient list?

Answer 5

Although they are important, there are no specifc carbohydrates that are essential

Question 6

What are non-essential nutrients?

Answer 6

nutrients that can be used for the same purpose or because they can be made in the body from another nutrients

Question 7

What are examples of non essential nutrients?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates (eg. glucose, starch, lipids)

Question 8

Does an ‘essential nutrient’ refer to all substances the body needs?

Answer 8

no, only neccessary sustances that the body cannot synthesize by itself

Question 9

Are dietry minerals essential?

Answer 9

yes. cannot be made by body but only smal quantity.

Question 10

What are some major functions of minerals?

Answer 10

• compose structure (eg. teeth, bones)
• use in control of composition of body fluids
• minor constituents of specific enzymes or components

Question 11

How many amino acids are essential in human (cannot be synthesized)

Answer 11

9

Question 12

What is an example of a conditionally essential nutrient. Explain.

Answer 12

In adults vitamin K is produced by metabolism of symbiotic bacteria in intestine.

infants do not have these bactera at birth. Given as supplementary injection

Question 13

When does protein deficiency malnutrition occur?

Answer 13

shortage of one or more essential amino acids in the diet. body cannot make enough of the proteins that are needed

Question 14

What does the lack of essential amino acids affect?

Answer 14

Production of proteins

Question 15

Why may essential amino acids be lacking in an individual?

Answer 15

overall insufficient protein in diet/ imbalance in types of protein

Question 16

What is a common condition associated with protein deficiency?

Answer 16

swelling in abdomen

• lack of protein prevents blood plasma protein being produced
• blood plasma helps with reabsorption of tissue fluid into blood capillaries
• without blood plasma, edma (swelling) caused

Question 17

In what amounts are vitamins and minerals needed?

Answer 17

tiny amounts, but are essential because most cannot be synthesized in the body

Question 18

What tends to occur in diets without enough vitamins?

Answer 18

deficiency diseases

Question 19

Do vitamins belong to a single group of chemical compounds?

Answer 19

No are complexed and categorized into Vitamin A, vitamin B etc.

Question 20

Which vitamins are essential, water soluble or fat soluble?

Answer 20

water soluble need to be consumed, and excess is lost to urine

fat soluble vitamin can be stored in body

Question 21

Difference between vitamins and minerals

Answer 21

Vitamins

• made in plants
• compounds
• organic e.g. Vitamin C

Minerals

• substances derived from rocks or found dissolved in water
• elements in ionic form e.g. phosphate
• inorganic e.g. iron, calcium

Question 22

Give an example of a fat soluble vitamins

Answer 22

A (retinol)

• source: fish liver oils, animal liver
• function: required for normal immune system function and production of rhodopsin

E (tocopherol)

• Source: plant oils
• function: antidioxide

Question 23

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 23

A, D, E, K

Question 24

Give an example of a water soluble vitamin

Answer 24

B₉ folic acid

• source: liver, white fish
• function: enzymes in DNA replication

C (ascorbic acid)

• source: potatoes, green vegetables, fruits
• function: antidioxidant, coenzyme in protein metabolism,

Question 25

What are water soluble vitamins?

Answer 25

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12

Question 26

Why does the body need vitamin C?

Answer 26

• helps protect body from infection and is important in keeping bones, teeth and gums healthy for synthesis of the protein collagen
• shortage of vitamin causes deficiency disease called scurvey