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science '24 > optics test - 4/22/24 > Flashcards

optics test - 4/22/24 Flashcards

for optics test on april 25; not all topics of test included

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is incandescence?

A

occurs when objects that are heated to high temperatures emit light. colours change with temp. examples include burning candles.

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2
Q

what type of light emission is produced when electric currents pass through gasses, causing them to glow?

A

electric discharge; examples include lightning and neon signs

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3
Q

what is fluorescence?

A

when objects emit light immediately after absorbing ultraviolet light. examples include laundry detergents, highlighter pens, etc…

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4
Q

what is phosphorescence?

A

when materials absorb ultraviolet (UV) light and emit it over time (ex: glow in the dark objects)

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5
Q

what is chemiluminescence?

A

Light produced as a result of a chemical reaction without producing heat. (ex: light sticks + glow sticks)

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6
Q

what is bioluminescence?

A

Chemiluminescence in living organisms (ex: certain bacteria, glow worms, fish)

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7
Q

what is triboluminescence?

A

light produced from friction with crystals, first observed by francis bacon

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8
Q

what is light-emitting diodes (LEDs)?

A

electronic devices that emit light when electric currents pass through them, more energy efficient than incadescent bulbs, used in things like traffic lights and christmas lights

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9
Q

what is the cornea?

A

clear tissue that refracts light; makes it go into eye

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10
Q

what is the lens?

A

focuses the image that cornea creates by fine tuning it

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11
Q

what are the ciliary muscles?

A

muscles that assist in the process of focusing the image (lens’ job) – they change the shape of the lens

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12
Q

what is the pupil?

A

entrance that allows light enter the eye

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13
Q

what is the iris?

A

controls size of pupil (coloured part of eye)

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14
Q

what is the retina?

A

screen that images are projected into; located in abck of eye

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15
Q

what is the optic nerve?

A

sends messages to the brain about what is seen by being the receptors in the retina

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16
Q

what causes vision problems?

A

refraction

17
Q

what is myopia?

A

nearsightedness, caused by more refraction from distant objects, causes focusing of images of nearby objects in front of the retina; causing blur

how to treat: convex lenses

18
Q

what is hyperopia?

A

farsightedness, caused by vertically stretched eye shape, focuses images of nearby objects BEHIND retina

19
Q

types of eye surgeries

A

LASIK, PRK
procedure:
1. Measurement of cornea’s shape and thickness.
2. Cutting a thin flap of the cornea.
3. Reshaping the cornea with laser.
4. Repositioning the corneal flap.

20
Q

SALT with plane mirrors?

A

S - Same size
A - Upright
L - Same distance, behind mirror
T - Virtual

21
Q

SALT with concave mirrors – beyond 2F?

A

S - Smaller
A - Inverted
L - Right underneath object
T - Real

22
Q

SALT with concave mirrors – between 2F and F?

A

S - Larger
A - Upside down (inverted)
L - Further away from mirror
T - Real

23
Q

SALT with concave mirrors – directly on F?

A

no image formed

24
Q

SALT with concave mirrors – less than F? (closest to mirror)

A

S - Larger
A - Right side up
L - In front of mirror
T - Virtual

25
Q

SALT with converging lens?

A

S - smaller
A - inverted
L - between 2F and F
T - real

26
Q

applications of lenses: the camera

A

Cameras capture light from distant objects, forming smaller, real images on film or digital sensors. A converging lens produces an inverted, real image when the object is beyond twice the focal length.

27
Q

applications of lenses: the movie projector

A

Projects large, inverted, real images on a screen. Film must be between the focal length and twice the focal length.

28
Q

applications of lenses: the magnifying glass

A

Simple converging lens (convex) with object between focal point and lens.
Produces enlarged, virtual image on same side as object.

29
Q

applications of lenses: the compound microscope

A

Two converging lenses create two images: one real and one virtual.
Real image formed by objective lens, virtual image seen through eyepiece lens.

30
Q

what is mirage?

A

optical illusion caused by the bending of light rays due to temperature variations in the air; creating the illusion of water or objects that aren’t actually there

31
Q

what is inferior mirage?

A

Inferior mirage: hot ground, bends light, objects seem lower, illusionary water.

32
Q

what is superior mirage?

A

Superior mirage: cool ground, bends light, objects seem higher, illusionary elevation.

33
Q
A

science '24 (4 decks)

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