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Science Gr 10 > Optics And Light > Flashcards

Optics And Light Flashcards

1
Q

What are properties of light

A
  • Light is a form of energy
  • light travels at a very fast speed
  • light travels in straight lines
  • light travels through space as an electromagnetic wave (has both electric and magnetic parts)
  • light does not require a medium through which to travel
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2
Q

How fast does light speed

A

300 000 km/s

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3
Q

Does light require a medium through which to travel

A

No

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4
Q

What does the electromagnetic spectrum show

A

How different forms of electromagnetic waves (radiation) have various amounts of energy

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5
Q

What is the light we can see called

A

Visible light

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6
Q

Does visible light make up a small or large portion of the entire electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Small

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7
Q

What colour does visible light from the sun and most light bulbs appear?

A

White

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8
Q

Who was the first man to separate white light into its component colours

A

Sir Isaac Newton

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9
Q

How did sir Isaac Newton separate white light into its component colours

A

By passing white light through a prism

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10
Q

What is white light compose of

A

A spectrum of colours

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11
Q

How do we remember the colours of the rainbow

A

ROYGBIV

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12
Q

What is the visible spectrum

A

The continuous sequence of colours that make up white light

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13
Q

Do different colours have different or the same amount of energy

A

Different

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14
Q

What are the three possible things that can happen when light strikes an object

A

Light may be transmitted, absorbed, reflected

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15
Q

What does light being transmitted mean

A

Objects can be classified according to the degree of transmission that they will allow (transparent, translucent, opaque)

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16
Q

What does transparent mean

A

Transmits light easily eg. clean glass

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17
Q

What does translucent mean

A

Transmits some light eh. Frosted glass

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18
Q

What does opaque mean

A

Doesn’t transmit any light eg. cardboard

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19
Q

What are the two sources of light

A

Luminous and non-luminous

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20
Q

What does luminous mean

A

An object that produces and emits its own light. Eg. The sun, a candle, lightbulb

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21
Q

What does non-luminous mean

A

An object that does not give off its own light but reflects light from other sources. Eg. Moon, textbook, human body

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22
Q

What are the 9 luminous sources of light

A

Incandescent, electric discharge, phosphorescence, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, triboluminescence, LEDs, Lasers

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23
Q

What is incandescent light

A

Light given off due to High temp

Eg. Candle, incandescent light bulb

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24
Q

What is electric discharge

A

Producing light by passing an electric current through a gas.
Eg. Lightening, neon (red), helium (yellow), argon (blue)

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25
What is phosphorescence
Chemicals that absorb UV radiation and then give off light over a period of time. Eg. Glow in the dark materials
26
What is fluorescence
Immediate emission of visible light as a result of the absorption of UV light. Eg. Highlighters, fluorescent lights, fluorescent dyes in laundry detergent
27
What is chemiluminescence
Chemical reactions that give off light with little or no heat (cold light) Often involves the mixing of 2 chemicals Eg. Glow sticks
28
What is bioluminescence
The production of light from a chemical reaction. It’s within a living organism. Eg. Fireflies, glow-worms
29
What is triboluminescence
When certain crystals are scratched, crushed or rubbed, light can be produced. Eg. Winter green mints , quartz
30
What does LED stand for
Light-emitting diodes
31
What is LED
Light produced when an electric current passes through a semiconductor (electric current only flows in one direction) Great light sources because they save energy, last longer, don’t use mercury and stay cool then other light bulb types Eg. Alarm clocks, TV, computer monitors, Christmas lights, traffic lights
32
What does laser stand for
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
33
What is a laser
A very powerful source of light. Has special properties | Eg. CD drives, laser, surgery
34
What special properties do lasers have
The light is very intense (bright), the light is all the same colour (same wave length), the rays of light stay together as a beam
35
What is a light ray
A line and arrow representing the direction and straight line path of light
36
define geometric optics
The use of light rays to determine the path of light when it strikes an object
37
Define incident light
Light emitted from a source (eg.sun) that strikes an object (eg.earth)
38
What is a transparent object
All light is transmitted
39
What is a translucent object
Transmits some light and reflects and absorbs the rest
40
What is an opaque object
Absorbs and reflects all light
41
What is image
A reproduction of an object through the use of light
42
What is reflection
The bouncing back of light from a surface
43
What is a plane mirror
A flat mirror
44
What are the 7 types of electromagnetic waves
Radio waves, microwaves, Infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, Gamma rays
45
Does radio waves have high medium or low energy and what is it used for
Low, radar
46
Does microwaves have high medium or low energy? What is it used for
Low, telecommunications
47
Does infrared light have high medium or low energy? What is it used for
Medium, heat detection and remote sensing
48
Does visible light have high medium or low energy? What is it used for
Medium, visible lasers or any human vision
49
Does ultraviolet light have high medium or low enters? What is it used for
Medium , stimulates production of vitamin D, can cause skin to burn, kills bacteria in food or water
50
Does X-rays have high medium or low energy? what is it used for
High energy, medical imaging, security equipment, cancer treatment
51
Does gamma rays have high medium or low energy? What is it used for
High, cancer treatment and product of nuclear decay
52
What are the two laws of reflection
Angle of incidence = angle of reflection | The incident ray, the normal, and the reflected ray all lie in the same plane
53
What are the two types of reflection
Speculate (regular), and diffuse
54
What is specular (regular) reflection and examples
Reflection off a smooth, shiny surface | Eg. A plane mirror, still water surface, flat aluminum foil
55
What is diffuse reflection and examples
Reflection of light off an irregular(bumpy) or dull surface. Light is scattered in different directions. Eg. Piece of paper, wavy water, crumpled aluminum foil
56
The way that an image appears to a viewer is always compared to what
The object according to SALT
57
What does salt stand for
Size of image, attitude, location, type of image
58
When are real images formed
When light rays meet at the image And can be seen on a screen
59
When are virtual images formed
Behind the mirror as the light only appears to come from this area
60
Describe the Cornea
As the light from the object enters the eye it first get to the cornea . The cornea does almost all of the bending of light
61
Describe the pupil
After the cornea the light goes through the pupil which is a small opening
62
Describe the iris
Is the coloured part of the eye that opens and closes to control the amount of light
63
Describe the lens of an eye
After the iris the light enters the lens and is bent slightly. The lens can change shape therefore can change how much the light bends to produce a clear image
64
What is the ciliary muscle
Is responsible for changing the shape of the lens
65
Describe the retina
On the back wall of the eye where light is focused. The light energy is then converted to electrical signals which are sent to the brain
66
What is the optic nerve
Connects eye to brain. The brain takes the upside down image and creates an upright image
67
What happens when looking at near objects
The ciliary muscles relax like a drawstring and this makes the lens short and fat
68
What happens when looking at far objects
The ciliary muscles contract and this makes the lens long and thin
69
What is myopia and a solution
Near sightedness | Can see close but not far, to fix this needs a diverging lens
70
What is hyperopia and a solution
Far sightedness Can see far but not close To fix this you need a converging lens
71
What are rod cells in the retina
Very sensitive to light and allows you to see black and white
72
What are core cells in the retina
Allows you to see color
73
What is refraction
The bending of light as it enters a new medium | When speed of light changes as it enters a new medium or substance
74
What happens with refraction in air
Light travels fast
75
What happens with refraction in wate r
Light travels slower because water has a higher optical density than air
76
What is total internal refraction
When a wave travels from a slow medium to a fast medium
77
What is a critical angle
The angle of incidence that results in an angle of refraction that is 90 degrees to the normal

Science Gr 10 (3 decks)

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