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Science Gr 10 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of matter

A

Pure substances and mixtures

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2
Q

What is a pure substance

A

Contains a single type of particle and have a fixed composition.
Eg. Iron, oxygen, sodium chloride

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3
Q

What are the two types or pure substances

A

Elements and compounds

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4
Q

What is an element

A

One type of atom

Ex. C,N,O

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5
Q

What is a compound

A

2 or more elements in a fixed proportion

Ex. NaCl, H2O

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6
Q

What are the two types of mixtures

A

Homogenous and heterogeneous

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7
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture

A

Parts cannot he seen individually

Ex. Tea, coke

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8
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture

A

Parts can be seen individually

Ex. Pizza, oil, and water

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9
Q

What do elements in the same period have in common

A

The same number of orbits

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10
Q

What is the period number the same as

A

The number of orbits

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11
Q

What is the group number the same as

A

The number of valence electrons

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12
Q

What’s a charged atom called

A

Ion

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13
Q

What is a cation

A

Cation has a positive charge

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14
Q

What is an anion

A

Has a negative charge

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15
Q

What is a mixture

A

Made up of 2 or more substances mixed together

Has a variable composition

Eg. kool aid, salt and pepper, salad dressing

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16
Q

What is chemistry

A

The study of matter, its properties and changes

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17
Q

What is matter

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space (volume)

All matter has physical and chemical properties

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18
Q

What are physical properties

A

Characteristic or description to help identify matter

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19
Q

What is a qualitative property

A

State,colour, odour, lustre, texture, solubility, texture, clarity, viscosity

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20
Q

What are quantitative properties

A

Melting point, boiling point, density

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21
Q

What are three physical changes clues

A

Change of state

Change in size or shape

Dissolving

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22
Q

What are 5 clues to chemical change

A

Gas bubbles form

A precipitate forms in liquid

New colour

Heat or light given off

Difficult or impossible to reverse

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23
Q

Which gas causes a burning splint to go out

A

Carbon dioxide

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24
Q

Which gas makes a popping sounds when a burning splint is put into it

A

Hydrogen

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25
Which gas makes a glowing splint reignite
Oxygen
26
What is the location, mass and electric charge of protons
Ok nucleus, 1, positive
27
What is the location mass and electric charge of an electron
Outside nucleus in orbits, 1/2000, negative
28
What is the location mass and electric charge of neutrons
In nucleus, 1, neutral
29
Lewis dot diagrams only show what kind of electrons
Outermost/ valence
30
How can you tell how many electrons there are for each element
Looking at group (column) number
31
What is the periodic table
A structured arrangement of elements that helps us to explain and predict their physical and chemical properties Generally pairs of elements form opposite sides of the table react to form compounds
32
What does the zig zag staircase on the periodic table to
Divides the metals on the left from the non metals on the right
33
What are properties of metals
Solid at room temp Conductors or heat and electricity Malleable and ductile Shiny
34
What are properties of non metals
Solid, liquid, or gas Non conductors Brittle Full
35
Where is the alkali metals
Group 1
36
Where is the alkaline earth metals
Group 2
37
Where is the halogens
Group 17
38
Where is the noble gases
Group 18
39
What are valence electrons
The electrons in the outer orbital The number of valence electrons controls how reactive an element is and how many bonds it firms with other elements
40
As you move from the centre of the table towards the bottom left and the top right what happens to the elements
Reactivity increases
41
What is an atom
The smallest part of an element
42
What the same as the atomic number
Number of protons
43
What is the same as number of protons
Same as atomic number and protons
44
How do u find number of neutrons
Mass number - atomic number
45
What is the top left number on an element
Atomic number
46
What is the top right number on an element
Atomic mass
47
What is an ion
Atoms that have a charge
48
When do ions form
When atoms gain or loose electrons to become stable
49
Why are noble gases non reactive
Because their outer orbits are already full so they don’t gain a charge
50
What are the three types of compounds
Ionic, polyatomic, molecular
51
How is an ionic bond formed
Due to attraction between oppositely charged ions
52
How is a covalent bond formed
Electrons are shared between non metals
53
When are oxyacids formed
When hydrogen combines with polyatomic ions containing oxygen
54
What’s the prefix names in order
``` 1- mono 2-di 3-tri 4-tetra 5-penta ```
55
What is a diatomic molecule
Pair of elements
56
What is the compound for water
H2O
57
What is the compound for methane
CH4
58
What is the compound for Ammonia
NH3
59
What is the compound for Hydrogen Peroxide
H2O2
60
What are the prefixes a clue to
As to how many atoms are present for each element in the formula
61
How do you write a polyatomic formulas
Criss cross charges
62
How do you write molecular formulas
No criss crossing or reducing to lowest terms Prefixes are clue as to how many atoms are present for each element in formula
63
What is the five pieces of info for ionic compounds
Metal and non metal IDE ending Electrons transferred Ionic bonds No prefixes Becomes electrolytes ((conduct electricity) when dissolved in water due to free ions
64
What are the five pieces of polyatomic compounds
Metal and group of non metals Ate ending except hydroxide Electrons transferred Ionic bonds No prefixes Becomes electrolytes (conduct electricity) when dissolved in water due to free ions
65
What are the five pieces of information for molecular compound s
Only non metals IDE ending Electrons shared Electrons shared Covalent bonds Use prefixes Non electrolytes
66
What does a Bohr Rutherford diagram look like
Circle in middle representing nucleus with number of protons (eg. 9p) and number of neutrons (eg.10n) and half orbits around circle with number of electrons (eg. 2e-)
67
What does a Lewis dot diagram look like of an element
Elements letter with number of dots equally spread out around it
68
What does a Lewis dot diagram look like of a stable ion
Elements letter in middle with brackets around it and charge number. It negative charge then letter has 8 dots around it. If positive charge letter has no dots around it
69
Why do all elements (except group 18) want to bond
To become stable Group 18 is already stable
70
How do you draw a lewis diagram that shows sharing or transferring electrons
Write out each elements number and it’s dots, if transferring use arrows to make on one element stable If sharing circle which electrons will move together
71
What is the law of conservation of mass
The mass of the reactants must be the same as the mass of the products
72
What do acids taste like
Sour
73
What do bases taste like
Bitter
74
What do acids feel like
Water
75
What do bases feel like
Slippery
76
What is the pH range for acids
1-6
77
What is the pH range for bases
8-14
78
What does pH mean
Power of hydrogen
79
What does acid do it red litmus paper
Stays red
80
What does bases do it red litmus paper
Turns blue
81
What does acid do in blue litmus paper
Turns red
82
What does bases do it blue litmus paper
Stays blue
83
What does acids do in phenolphthalein
Cloudy white
84
What do bases do in phenolphthalein
Turns pink
85
Wha does acids do in bromothymol blue
Turns yellow
86
What does bases do in bromothymol blue
Stays blue
87
What is a balanced chemical equation
An equation in which the reactants and products contain equal numbers of atoms of each type
88
What is a coefficient
A number written in front of a chemical symbol or formula
89
What is corrosion
The breakdown of a metal resulting from reactions with chemicals in its environment
90
What is rust
The corrosion of iron
91
What is beneficial corrosion
Some metals form protective layers when the corrode
92
How do u prevent corrosion
Use protective coatings, use corrosion resistant materials
93
What is synthesis
A chemical reaction in which two or more elements or compounds combine to form a single compound ONLY ONE PRODUCT
94
What is decomposition
A chemical reaction in which a. Compound is broken down into elements or smaller compounds ONLY ONE REACTANT
95
What is single displacement
A chemical reaction in which one element displaced another element in a compound
96
What is double displacement
A chemical reaction that occurs when elements in n different compounds displace each other or exchange places to form two new compounds METALS REPLACE METALS NON METALS REPLACE NON MENTALS
97
What is combustion
A chemical reaction that involves a fuel (hydrocarbon) reacting with oxygen when heat is added The products are usually carbon dioxide and water
98
What are the two types of combustion
Complete and incomplete combustion
99
What is complete combustion and color of flame
When oxygen supply is plentiful (blue flame) and fuel burns cleanly with no sooty residue
100
What is incomplete combustion and color of flame
When oxygen supply is limited (orange flame) and carbon monoxide and carbon (soot) are also produced
101
What are the three factors necessary for a fire to burn
Fuel Oxygen Heat
102
What are hydrocarbons
Compounds that only contain hydrogen and carbon Originate from fossil fuels Combustion of hydrocarbons powers cars warms homes and generates electricity
103
What are acids
Chemicals that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
104
What are bases
Alkaline Chemicals that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water The stronger the base the more hydroxide ions it releases
105
What are hazards of acids and bases
Corrosive
106
What is the pH scale used for
To determine how acidic or basic a solution is
107
What is neutralization on the pH scale
7 The addition of a base to counteract an acid or vice versa
108
What are the phases of cell cycle
Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis
109
What are the two stages cell division occurs in
Mitosis and cytokinesis
110
What are the four phases of mitosis in order And a word to remember
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Play me a tune

Science Gr 10 (3 decks)

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