Biology Flashcards
1
Q
What sacs contain digestive enzymes to break down cell parts
A
Lysosomes
2
Q
What surrounds the cell and acts as a gatekeeper
A
Cell membrane
3
Q
What is a cell with a nucleus called
A
Eukaryote
4
Q
What is a large vesicle that stores food or water for the cell
A
Vacuole
5
Q
What is the control centre of the cell
A
Nucleus
6
Q
What is only found in plant cells and surrounds the cell and provides support
A
Cell wall
7
Q
What are threadlike structures inside the nucleus that contain genetic info
A
Chromosomes
8
Q
What is the endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes ? (rough or smooth )
A
Rough. Remember ribosomes starts with r and so does rough
9
Q
What is only in plant cells. This organelle contains green chlorophyll used in photosynthesis
A
Chloroplasts
10
Q
What are small organelles that make proteins
A
Ribosomes
11
Q
What is a cell lacking a nucleus
A
Prokaryotes
12
Q
What is a spherical structure found inside the nucleus involved in making proteins
A
Nucleolus
13
Q
What is the smallest unit of life
A
Cell
14
Q
What is a small structure involved in cell division
A
Centriole
15
Q
A specialized part of a cell that performs a specific function
A
Organelle
16
Q
Which endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes
A
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
17
Q
What is the powerhouse of the cell- makes energy
A
Mitochondria
18
Q
What collects and processes materials, such as proteins, to be used by the cell
A
Golgi apparatus
19
Q
What is the jelly like fluid inside the cell
A
Cytoplasm
20
Q
What are the roadways that carry material through the cell
A
Endoplasmic reticulum
21
Q
What is epithelial tissue and example
A
Thin sheets of tightly packed cells covering surfaces and lining internal organs. Ex. Skin
22
Q
What is the function of epithelial tissue
A
Protection from dehydration, low - friction surfaces
23
Q
What is connective tissue and an example
A
Various types of cells and fibres held together by a liquid, a solid, or a gel, known as a matrix. Ex. Bone, tendons, blood
24
Q
What is the function of connective tissue
A
Support, insulation
25
What is muscle tissue and an example
Bundles of long cells called muscle fibres that contain specialized proteins capable of shortening or contracting
26
What is the function of muscle tissue
Movement
27
What is nerve tissue and an example
Long, thin cells with fine branches at the ends capable of conducting electrical impulses. Ex. Brain, nerves in sensory organs
28
What is the function of nerve tissue
Sensory, communication within the body, coordination of body functions
29
What is the anus
Opening at the end of the digestive system where waste exits body
30
What is the appendix
A small pouch located near the start of the large intestine
31
What is the esophagus
Long tube between the mouth and stomach that uses wavelike muscle movements to move food along.
32
What is peristalsis
Wave like muscle movements
33
What is the gall bladder
A small pouch like organ that stores and releases bile into the small intestine
34
What is a large intestine
The long wide tube that food goes through after it goes through small intestine
35
What is the liver
A large organ located above and in front of the stomach that filters toxins from the blood and makes bile
36
What is the mouth
The first part of digestive system
37
What is the pancrea
An enzyme producing gland located below the stomach and above the intestine
38
What is the rectum
The lower part of the large intestine where waste is stored before exiting body
39
What is the small intestine
The long thin winding tube that food goes through after it leaves the stomach
40
What is the stomach
A pouch like muscular organ that is attached to the esophagus and where food is stored and churned in an acid bath
41
What is the nervous system made up of
The brain, the spinal cord, the peripheral nerves
42
What does the nervous system sense
The environment and coordinates appropriate responses
43
What are the two kinds of nervous systems
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
44
What does the central nervous system consist of
The brain and spinal cord
45
What does the central nervous system do
Cushions delicate organs and transports chemicals as well as removes waste
46
What protects the brain and spinal cord
Skull protects brain, vertebrae protects spinal cord
47
What does the brain receive info from
Sensory organs via the spinal cord
48
What does the Brian allow us to do
Interpret info and make decisions
49
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of
All nerves extending beyond brain and spinal cord
50
What does the peripheral nervous system do
Relays info about the internal and external environments to the brain and carries back from the brain to other organs
51
What is nerve tissue
Makes up the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
52
How many neurone are in the brain
100 billion
53
What do neurons do
Send electrical signals (nerve impulses) from one area of the body to another
54
What do neurons consist of
A cell body, many short extensions called dendrites and one long extension called an axon
55
What are nerves
Bundles of neurons surrounded by connective tissue
56
What is the musculoskeletal system made up of
Bones and skeletal muscles
57
What does the musculoskeletal system do
Supports the body, protects organs, and allows for movement
58
What are the 4 main types of connective tissues that make up the skeleton
Bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage
59
What are ligaments
Tough elastic tissues that connect bones together at joints
60
What are tendons
Similar to ligaments but less elastic, connect bones to muscle
61
What is cartilage
A dense tissue found in the ear, nose, between vertebrae and in joints. Supports bones and other tissues to prevent damage
62
What are muscles
Attached to skeleton to help it move, consist of long muscle fibres. Can only pull but cannot push.
63
Why do muscles work in loosing pairs
Because muscles can only pull and Connot push
64
What are the three types of muscles
Skeletal ( voluntary), smooth (involuntary), cardiac
65
What are skeletal muscles
attached to homes by tendons and allow voluntary movement of body parts
66
What are smooth involuntary muscles
Line internal organs such as digestive tract and blood vessels
67
What are cardiac muscles
Specials cells making up the heart which contract and relax rhythmically
68
What is biology
The study of living things
69
What are the characteristics of living things (6)
Composed of cells, require energy to live, grow reproduce and repair, produce waste, have a lifespan, respond and adapt to the environment
70
What is cell theory (3)
All living things are made up of one or more cells. The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes. All cells come from other cells; they dont come from non-living matter
71
What is a prokaryote
Cells that do not have a nucleus (bacteria)
72
What is a eukaryote
Cells that have a nucleus
73
Why is cell division for growth important
More cells = growth of organism.
74
What are the two steps of cell division for growth
Diffusion, osmosis
75
What is important about cell division for repair
All organisms nest to repair and replace cells to survive. Allows healing
76
What are the two types of cell division for reproduction
Asexual and sexual
77
What is important about cell division for reproduction
All organisms use cell divisions to reproduce
78
What stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
79
What is a mutation
When a random change occurs in a cells genetic info
80
What are specialized cells
Has a particular shape and size and performs a specific function
81
What are examples of specialized cells
White blood cells, muscle cells, bone cells, nerve cells, skin cells, inner ear cells
82
In the animal body what are they level of organization
Cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organisms
83
What is a cell
Smallest unit of life
84
What are tissues
A group of similar cells which work togetehr to perform a function
85
What is an organ
A group of two or more types of tissues that work togetehr to perform a specific task
86
What is an organ system
Contains a variety of organs which all work together to perform a larger function
87
What are organisms
Contains several organ systems all working togetehr to carry out the various process of life
88
What are the two main types of stem cells
Embryonic and tissue stem cell
89
What are blood vessels
Form a network of tubes to transport blood to and from all cells
90
What are the three main types of blood vessels
Arteries, veins, capillaries
91
What is the heart
A muscular pump made of cardiac muscle cells. These cells contract and relax rhythmically in other to pump blood through body
92
What does the respiratory system do
Provides body with o2 and rids it of waste CO2
93
What is biology
The study of living things
94
What are characteristics of living things (6)
Composed of cells
Require energy to live (food)
Grow,reproduce and repair
Produce waste
Have a lifespan
Respond and adapt to the environment
95
What are the three points of cell theory
All living things are made up of one or more cells
The cell is the simplist unit that can carry out all life processes
All cells come from other cells, they do not come from non living matter
96
What are the two types of cell division
Diffusion and osmosis
97
What is diffusion
The movement of nutrients and waste from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until an equilibrium is reached
98
What is osmosis
The movement of water across a cell membrane from a high to a low concentration
99
What is cell division for growth
Diffusion and osmosis
100
What is cell division for repair
All organisms need this to stay alive
Allows healing
101
What is cell division for reproduction and two types
All organisms use cell division to reproduce
Asexual and sexual reproduction
102
What is asexual reproduction
When a single parent cell/organism divides, two new cells/organisms are formed with identical genetic info (DNA)
103
What is sexual reproduction
When two parents are involved in contributing their DNA and the offspring is a genetic representation of both parents
104
How many chromosomes do human cells have
46, grouped into 23 pairs
105
What is the circulatory system
Made up of blood, blood vessels and the heart
Function is to transport substances around the body
106
What is the respiratory system
This provides the body with oxygen and ride it of waste carbon dioxide
107
What is cancer
A group of diseased in which certain cells of the body grow and divide out of control
Occurs when a cells DNA develops mutations and prevents the cell form staying in interphase for the normal amount of time
108
What is the two types of tumours
Benign (non cancerous)
Malignant (cancerous)
109
What are causes of cancer
Carcinogens
Like smoke radiation viruses and chemicals in plastics
110
What are the three main cancer treatments
Surgery chemotherapy and radiation
