Optic Neuropathies Part IV Flashcards
what are the different congenital optic nerve anomalies
- optic nerve hypoplasia
- optic nerve coloboma
- optic nerve pit
- megalopapilla
- morning glory syndrome
- tilted disc
- pseudopaplledema
- mylinated nerve fibers
______ is reduced number of axons. _____ is disorganized axons. Symptoms/signs include:
Hypolasia; Dysplasia
- +/- Reduced VA
- +/- VF loss
- +/- Color vision defect
- +/- RAPD
Anamolous nerve may appear ____, _____, have an unusual shape or size or have anomalies vasculatures
swollen; atrophic (pallor)
With congenital anomalies of the ONH patients may be unaware of reduced VA or may report longstanding reduction. They may have systemic abnormalities:
CNS abnormalities: pituitary gland, corpus collosum, septum pelllucidum.
Endocrine dysfunction
Developmental delay
What are associated findings of congenital optic nerve anomalies
- unusual refractive errors
- strabismus
- amblyopia
- ocular colobomas
- hypertelorism (eyes are set far apart)
- micropthalmos (small eye)
- aniridia (absence of iris)
hypoplasia can be mild to severe and presents with a _____ ONH, double ring sign bc reduced nerve fibers leaving sclera and don’t fill in the space and sit in middle of scleral canal.
small
Optic nerve hypoplasia may or may not have reduced optic nerve function, normal to severe VA impairment, _____ if VA loss severe and VF defects
nystagmus
Etiology of ON hypoplasia is that it is an insult to visual pathways before completion of dev and could be due to: toxic, _____, ischemic, hereditary, or fetal alcohol syndrome. It is associated with developmental abnormalities of anterior midline brain structures which can cause mental retardation, enddocrine deficits, absent/poor dev corpus callosum/septum pellucid
infectious
Superior segmental hypoplasia is when only the _____ nerve is hypo plastic. The rest of the nerve is developed normally
superior
