Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ocular Disease III > Neuroanatomy Review > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two PNS divisions

A
  1. Somatic

2. Visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

____ is innervation distributed to structures in the body wall for voluntary control of body movements

A

Somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

____ is innervation distributed to visceral structures in body wall and cavity for involuntary control of body functions and includes smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

A

Visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ matter is CNS tissue that contains neuronal cell bodies and dendrites

A

Gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____ matter is CNS tissue that is largely composed of myelinated axons

A

White

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nucleus is circumscribed region of ___ matter, usually named by its location or function.

A

gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ganglion is a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the ____

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_____ is a bundle of axons

A

Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Another word for cerebrum (frontal lobe) is ____

A

telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance is joined to each part of the brainstem: the midbrain (mesencephalon), ______, and _____

A

pons; medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is composed of diencephalon?

A

thalamus and hypothalamus; relays sensory information between brain regions. Controls hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cerebrum (frontal lobe) responsible for?

A

movement, personality, behavior, emotion, judgement, intelligence, language (Broca’s area), and FEF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the parietal lobe of the cerebrum responsible for?

A

touch, temperature, pain, interpretation of visual and spatial info, and language. Connects somatosensory, auditory, and visual input.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the temporal lobe of the cerebrum responsible for?

A

Understanding language, hearing, and memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the major parts of the diencephalon

A

1: pineal gland: secretes melatonin.
2. thalamus: processes and relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.
3. hypothalamus: controls the pituitary gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which part of the brain contains 50% of the total number of neurons

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which part of the brain provides pathway for tracts running between higher and lower neural centers, controls involuntary reflexes necessary for crucial life functions and contains nuclei for CN III- XII

A

brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the midbrain forms floor of the ______ ventricle and is point of exit of CN III and IV.

A

fourth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the tectum is the roof of the aqueduct which is comprised of gray matter. It includes the _____ and ____ colliculus

A

superior; inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The ____ colliculi control reflex movements of the eye, head, and neck in response to visual stimuli.

A

superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The inferior colliculi control reflex movements of the head, neck, and trunk in response to _____ stimuli

A

auditory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The pons contains sensory and motor nuclei for CN ____ through ____. (All the ones with V). It contains respiratory nuclei to maintain respiratory rhythm.

A

V; VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The medulla oblongata is where ____ fibers cross. It contains autonomic nuclei for cardiac contractions and receives respiratory rhythm input from pons. Anything below the medulla, you get ____ paresis.

A

motor; contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which cranial nerves exit at the level of medulla?

A

IX - XII

All the ones with X)

25
Q

The ____ _____artery supplies blood to most of the cerebrum.

A

internal carotid

26
Q

the _____ arteries supply the brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior cerebrum

A

vertebral

27
Q

what supplies the entire brainstem

A

circle of willis –> makes up the vertebral and internal carotid arteries

28
Q

What makes up the vertebral arteries

A

Basilar and Posterior cerebral arteries

29
Q

what makes up the internal carotid arteries

A
  1. anterior cerebral
  2. anterior communicating artery
  3. middle cerebral
  4. posterior communicating artery
30
Q

CN III is adjacent to which artery? which is the most common nerve palsy?

A

Posterior Communicating Artery.

CN III is the most common nerve palsy

31
Q

An aneurysm at which artery can cause compression of the optic nerve?

A

anterior cerebral artery

32
Q

What is the pathway of the sympathetic NS

A
  1. Starts in hypothalamus
  2. synapse in Superior Colliculus
  3. Travel around apex of lungs
  4. Synapse in superior cervical ganglion.
  5. Peri- arterial plexus along ICA and ECA
33
Q

what is the pathway of the parasympathetic NS

A
  1. Preganglionics originate in CN III, VII, IX, and X
  2. Synapse on 4 cranial PS ganglia or directly on target glands.
  3. Post ganglionics distributed via branches of CN V.
34
Q

What is the sympathetic system responsible for

A
  1. goosebumps
  2. sweating
  3. vasoconstriction
  4. thickening of saliva
  5. pupil dilation
  6. normal eyelid position
35
Q

what is the parasympathetic system responsible for?

A
  1. salivation
  2. lacrimation
  3. mucus secretion
  4. vasodilation
  5. pupil constriction
  6. accommodation
36
Q

where do preganglionic parasympathetics from CN 3 synapse.

A

ciliary ganglion

37
Q

which ganglion is where we get preganglionics from our fascial nerve

A

pterygopalantine ganglion

38
Q

what are the 12 cranial nerves

A
  1. olfactory
  2. optic nerve
  3. oculomotor
  4. trochlear
  5. trigeminal
  6. abducens
  7. fascial
  8. vestibulocochlear
  9. glossopharyngeal
  10. vagus
  11. spinal accessory
  12. hypoglossal
39
Q

the olfactory nerve has special ______ fibers only and exits the cranium via the ____ ____

A

affarent; cribiform plate

40
Q

The optic nerve also has special affarent fibers only. It exits via the ___ ___. Nasal retinal fibers cross at the optic chasm.

A

optic canal

41
Q

CN III exits via the ____ ____ ___ and has somatic and parasympathetic stimuli. The somatic component supplies 5 muscles, the visceral component goes to the iris sphincter for meiosis and ciliary muscle for accommodation.

A

superior orbital fissure.

42
Q

EW nucleus fire and synapse in the _____ ganglion. Intraorbital lesions usually only affect the ____ division.

A

ciliary; superior

43
Q

trochlear nerve innervates the ____ ____ muscle, is the only CN to cross over, originates in the dorsal aspect of the midbrain and exits via superior orbital fissure and is _______ _____ only

A

superior oblique; general efferent only

44
Q

CN V is mainly sensory but has some general somatic efferent fibers for muscles of ______ and _____ _____. It suspends ____ parasympathetic ganglia .

A

mastication; tensor tympani; 4

45
Q

the ophthalmic division exits via ____ ___ ____. the mandibular exits via _____ ____ and the mandibular exits via the ____ ____

A

superior orbital fissure; foramen rotundum; foramen ovale

46
Q

what are the 4 parasympathetic ganglia that the trigeminal nerve suspends

A
  1. ciliary ganglion: to smooth muscles of eye.
  2. pterygopalatine ganglion: to lacrimal gland.
  3. otic ganglion: to parotid gland.
  4. submandibular: to submandibular and sublingual glands.
47
Q

What are the hitchhiking fibers that CN V carries

A
  1. SVA: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and palate

2. Sympathetics from internal carotid artery plexus

48
Q

CN VI (abducens) exits brainstem at junction of _____ and medulla and has general efferent function only.

A

pons

49
Q

What are the GE functions of the fascial nerve

A

muscles of fascial expression

  1. stapedius: dampens vibration of stapes
  2. posterior belly of digastric: opens jaw
  3. stylohyoid: assists in chewing
50
Q

what are VE functions of the fascial nerve

A
  1. lacrimal gland
  2. mucus glands of nasal vanity and palate
  3. submandibular and sublingual glands
51
Q

what are SA functions of the facial nerve

A
  1. taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue.

2. taste from soft palate

52
Q

which nerve has the longest intraosseous course

A

facial nerve

53
Q

which nerve goes to the lacrimal gland

A

greater petrosal

54
Q

T/F CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) does not leave skull and has special affrarent fibers only.

A

True

55
Q

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) leaves brainstem from lateral aspect of upper medulla and exits cranial cavity via _____ ______. Its VE function is to the parotid gland. Its VA function is the carotid body and sinus to monitor _____ pressure and heart rate. Its GA function is to the posterior 1/3 of tongue, tonsils, oropharynx, and mastoid air cells. Lesion causes loss of gag reflex on affected side.

A

jugular foramen; blood

56
Q

CN X (vagus) leaves brainstem lateral to CN IX in the upper medulla and leaves cranial cavity via jugular foramen. GE function is to muscles of _____, pharynx, and _____. IT supplies VE for heart rate, sweating, GI peristalsis and speech.

A

larynx, uvula,

57
Q

CN XI (spinal accessory) innervates ______ and sternocleidomastoid muscles for shoulder and neck movement. It enters skull via foramen magnum and exits skull via ______ formaen

A

trapezius; jugular

58
Q

T/F CN XII (hypoglossal) innervates the tongue and is GE only.

A

true

Ocular Disease III (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions