Neuroanatomy Review

Question 1

What are the two PNS divisions

Answer 1

1. Somatic

2. Visceral

Question 2

____ is innervation distributed to structures in the body wall for voluntary control of body movements

Answer 2

Somatic

Question 3

____ is innervation distributed to visceral structures in body wall and cavity for involuntary control of body functions and includes smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Answer 3

Visceral

Question 4

____ matter is CNS tissue that contains neuronal cell bodies and dendrites

Answer 4

Gray

Question 5

____ matter is CNS tissue that is largely composed of myelinated axons

Answer 5

White

Question 6

Nucleus is circumscribed region of ___ matter, usually named by its location or function.

Answer 6

gray

Question 7

Ganglion is a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the ____

Answer 7

PNS

Question 8

_____ is a bundle of axons

Answer 8

Nerve

Question 9

Another word for cerebrum (frontal lobe) is ____

Answer 9

telencephalon

Question 10

The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance is joined to each part of the brainstem: the midbrain (mesencephalon), ______, and _____

Answer 10

pons; medulla

Question 11

what is composed of diencephalon?

Answer 11

thalamus and hypothalamus; relays sensory information between brain regions. Controls hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual response.

Question 12

What is the cerebrum (frontal lobe) responsible for?

Answer 12

movement, personality, behavior, emotion, judgement, intelligence, language (Broca’s area), and FEF

Question 13

What is the parietal lobe of the cerebrum responsible for?

Answer 13

touch, temperature, pain, interpretation of visual and spatial info, and language. Connects somatosensory, auditory, and visual input.

Question 14

what is the temporal lobe of the cerebrum responsible for?

Answer 14

Understanding language, hearing, and memory.

Question 15

What are the major parts of the diencephalon

Answer 15

1: pineal gland: secretes melatonin.
2. thalamus: processes and relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.
3. hypothalamus: controls the pituitary gland.

Question 16

which part of the brain contains 50% of the total number of neurons

Answer 16

cerebellum

Question 17

which part of the brain provides pathway for tracts running between higher and lower neural centers, controls involuntary reflexes necessary for crucial life functions and contains nuclei for CN III- XII

Answer 17

brainstem

Question 18

the midbrain forms floor of the ______ ventricle and is point of exit of CN III and IV.

Answer 18

fourth

Question 19

the tectum is the roof of the aqueduct which is comprised of gray matter. It includes the _____ and ____ colliculus

Answer 19

superior; inferior

Question 20

The ____ colliculi control reflex movements of the eye, head, and neck in response to visual stimuli.

Answer 20

superior

Question 21

The inferior colliculi control reflex movements of the head, neck, and trunk in response to _____ stimuli

Answer 21

auditory

Question 22

The pons contains sensory and motor nuclei for CN ____ through ____. (All the ones with V). It contains respiratory nuclei to maintain respiratory rhythm.

Answer 22

V; VIII

Question 23

The medulla oblongata is where ____ fibers cross. It contains autonomic nuclei for cardiac contractions and receives respiratory rhythm input from pons. Anything below the medulla, you get ____ paresis.

Answer 23

motor; contralateral

Question 24

Which cranial nerves exit at the level of medulla?

Answer 24

IX - XII

All the ones with X)

Question 25

The ____ _____artery supplies blood to most of the cerebrum.

Answer 25

internal carotid

Question 26

the _____ arteries supply the brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior cerebrum

Answer 26

vertebral

Question 27

what supplies the entire brainstem

Answer 27

circle of willis --> makes up the vertebral and internal carotid arteries

Question 28

What makes up the vertebral arteries

Answer 28

Basilar and Posterior cerebral arteries

Question 29

what makes up the internal carotid arteries

Answer 29

1. anterior cerebral 2. anterior communicating artery 3. middle cerebral 4. posterior communicating artery

Question 30

CN III is adjacent to which artery? which is the most common nerve palsy?

Answer 30

Posterior Communicating Artery. | CN III is the most common nerve palsy

Question 31

An aneurysm at which artery can cause compression of the optic nerve?

Answer 31

anterior cerebral artery

Question 32

What is the pathway of the sympathetic NS

Answer 32

1. Starts in hypothalamus 2. synapse in Superior Colliculus 3. Travel around apex of lungs 4. Synapse in superior cervical ganglion. 5. Peri- arterial plexus along ICA and ECA

Question 33

what is the pathway of the parasympathetic NS

Answer 33

1. Preganglionics originate in CN III, VII, IX, and X 2. Synapse on 4 cranial PS ganglia or directly on target glands. 3. Post ganglionics distributed via branches of CN V.

Question 34

What is the sympathetic system responsible for

Answer 34

1. goosebumps 2. sweating 3. vasoconstriction 4. thickening of saliva 5. pupil dilation 6. normal eyelid position

Question 35

what is the parasympathetic system responsible for?

Answer 35

1. salivation 2. lacrimation 3. mucus secretion 4. vasodilation 5. pupil constriction 6. accommodation

Question 36

where do preganglionic parasympathetics from CN 3 synapse.

Answer 36

ciliary ganglion

Question 37

which ganglion is where we get preganglionics from our fascial nerve

Answer 37

pterygopalantine ganglion

Question 38

what are the 12 cranial nerves

Answer 38

1. olfactory 2. optic nerve 3. oculomotor 4. trochlear 5. trigeminal 6. abducens 7. fascial 8. vestibulocochlear 9. glossopharyngeal 10. vagus 11. spinal accessory 12. hypoglossal

Question 39

the olfactory nerve has special ______ fibers only and exits the cranium via the ____ ____

Answer 39

affarent; cribiform plate

Question 40

The optic nerve also has special affarent fibers only. It exits via the ___ ___. Nasal retinal fibers cross at the optic chasm.

Answer 40

optic canal

Question 41

CN III exits via the ____ ____ ___ and has somatic and parasympathetic stimuli. The somatic component supplies 5 muscles, the visceral component goes to the iris sphincter for meiosis and ciliary muscle for accommodation.

Answer 41

superior orbital fissure.

Question 42

EW nucleus fire and synapse in the _____ ganglion. Intraorbital lesions usually only affect the ____ division.

Answer 42

ciliary; superior

Question 43

trochlear nerve innervates the ____ ____ muscle, is the only CN to cross over, originates in the dorsal aspect of the midbrain and exits via superior orbital fissure and is _______ _____ only

Answer 43

superior oblique; general efferent only

Question 44

CN V is mainly sensory but has some general somatic efferent fibers for muscles of ______ and _____ _____. It suspends ____ parasympathetic ganglia .

Answer 44

mastication; tensor tympani; 4

Question 45

the ophthalmic division exits via ____ ___ ____. the mandibular exits via _____ ____ and the mandibular exits via the ____ ____

Answer 45

superior orbital fissure; foramen rotundum; foramen ovale

Question 46

what are the 4 parasympathetic ganglia that the trigeminal nerve suspends

Answer 46

1. ciliary ganglion: to smooth muscles of eye. 2. pterygopalatine ganglion: to lacrimal gland. 3. otic ganglion: to parotid gland. 4. submandibular: to submandibular and sublingual glands.

Question 47

What are the hitchhiking fibers that CN V carries

Answer 47

1. SVA: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and palate | 2. Sympathetics from internal carotid artery plexus

Question 48

CN VI (abducens) exits brainstem at junction of _____ and medulla and has general efferent function only.

Answer 48

pons

Question 49

What are the GE functions of the fascial nerve

Answer 49

muscles of fascial expression 1. stapedius: dampens vibration of stapes 2. posterior belly of digastric: opens jaw 3. stylohyoid: assists in chewing

Question 50

what are VE functions of the fascial nerve

Answer 50

1. lacrimal gland 2. mucus glands of nasal vanity and palate 3. submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 51

what are SA functions of the facial nerve

Answer 51

1. taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue. | 2. taste from soft palate

Question 52

which nerve has the longest intraosseous course

Answer 52

facial nerve

Question 53

which nerve goes to the lacrimal gland

Answer 53

greater petrosal

Question 54

T/F CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) does not leave skull and has special affrarent fibers only.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) leaves brainstem from lateral aspect of upper medulla and exits cranial cavity via _____ ______. Its VE function is to the parotid gland. Its VA function is the carotid body and sinus to monitor _____ pressure and heart rate. Its GA function is to the posterior 1/3 of tongue, tonsils, oropharynx, and mastoid air cells. Lesion causes loss of gag reflex on affected side.

Answer 55

jugular foramen; blood

Question 56

CN X (vagus) leaves brainstem lateral to CN IX in the upper medulla and leaves cranial cavity via jugular foramen. GE function is to muscles of _____, pharynx, and _____. IT supplies VE for heart rate, sweating, GI peristalsis and speech.

Answer 56

larynx, uvula,

Question 57

CN XI (spinal accessory) innervates ______ and sternocleidomastoid muscles for shoulder and neck movement. It enters skull via foramen magnum and exits skull via ______ formaen

Answer 57

trapezius; jugular

Question 58

T/F CN XII (hypoglossal) innervates the tongue and is GE only.

Answer 58

true