Optic nerve Flashcards
typical coloboma - location
inferonasal
typical coloboma is uni or bi
bi
Wallerian degeneration
(ascending atrophy) retrograde degeneration of axons (injury to the retina ganglion cells) toward the lateral geniculate body
descending atrophy
e.g. orbital tumor. atrophy toward the retinal genglion cells
mechanism of drusen formation
abnormal axonal metabolism leading to mitochondrial calcification
Tilted disc - uni or bi
Bi
Tilted disc - definition
oblique entry. ratio of the longest diameter to the shortest is >1.3
Tilted disc - complications
perimetry - superotemporal defects, OCT - sectoral RNFL thinning, CNV, sensory macular detachment
Torsional disc - definition
long axis is inclined at >15 st from the vertical meridian
Optic disc pit - VA, FAF, FA, complications
VA normal, FAF hyper, FA no, VF defects, 50% serous macular detachment 30yo
optic disc drusen - uni or bi
75% bi
optic disc drusen - associations
retinitis pigmentosa, angioid streaks, 90% in Alagile syndrome
optic disc drusen - complications
RNFL thinning, 75% VF defects, juxtapapillary CNV, VH, vascular occlusions
Coloboma - genetics
sporadic, but may AD PAX6
Coloboma - associations
CHARGE syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome, CNS abnormalities. iris/lens/chorioretinal coloboma, microphthalmos, microcornea
Morning glory disc - genetics
sporadic, but may PAX6
Morning glory disc - uni or bi
uni
Morning glory disc - associations
PVF, frontonasal dysplasia, mid-facial anomalies, basal encephalocele, pituitary insufficiency
Morning glory disc - complications
serous retinal detachment 30%, CNV
Optic disc hypoplasia - uni or bi
uni or bi
Optic disc hypoplasia - definition
foveola-disc distance 3x disc, diminished number of nerve fibers
Optic disc hypoplasia - causes
young maternal age, primiparity, maternal exposure to agents, double ring sign
de Morsier syndrome - other name, features
septo-optic dysplasia. bilateral hypoplasia, absent septum pellucidum, corpus callosum dysgenesis, hypopituitarism
Optic disc aplasia
absent or rudimentary
Megalopapilla - uni or bi
bi
Megalopapilla - definitions, OCT
> =2.1 mm horizontal or vertical, area >2.5mm2. OCT RNFL thinning, but GCC normal
Optic disc dysplasia
deformed
Papillorenal (renal-coloboma) syndrome - genetics
AD, PAX6
Papillorenal (renal-coloboma) syndrome - definition
failure of angiogenesis, renal and optic disc dysplasia
Peripapillary staphyloma
non-hereditary, VA markedly reduced, may local RD
Peripapillary staphyloma - uni or bi
uni
Secondary IIH
Vit. A, tetracyclines, contraceptive pills, SLE, Lyme, sleep apnea
