Optic nerve

Question 1

typical coloboma - location

Answer 1

inferonasal

Question 2

typical coloboma is uni or bi

Answer 2

bi

Question 3

Wallerian degeneration

Answer 3

(ascending atrophy) retrograde degeneration of axons (injury to the retina ganglion cells) toward the lateral geniculate body

Question 4

descending atrophy

Answer 4

e.g. orbital tumor. atrophy toward the retinal genglion cells

Question 5

mechanism of drusen formation

Answer 5

abnormal axonal metabolism leading to mitochondrial calcification

Question 6

Tilted disc - uni or bi

Answer 6

Bi

Question 7

Tilted disc - definition

Answer 7

oblique entry. ratio of the longest diameter to the shortest is >1.3

Question 8

Tilted disc - complications

Answer 8

perimetry - superotemporal defects, OCT - sectoral RNFL thinning, CNV, sensory macular detachment

Question 9

Torsional disc - definition

Answer 9

long axis is inclined at >15 st from the vertical meridian

Question 10

Optic disc pit - VA, FAF, FA, complications

Answer 10

VA normal, FAF hyper, FA no, VF defects, 50% serous macular detachment 30yo

Question 11

optic disc drusen - uni or bi

Answer 11

75% bi

Question 12

optic disc drusen - associations

Answer 12

retinitis pigmentosa, angioid streaks, 90% in Alagile syndrome

Question 13

optic disc drusen - complications

Answer 13

RNFL thinning, 75% VF defects, juxtapapillary CNV, VH, vascular occlusions

Question 14

Coloboma - genetics

Answer 14

sporadic, but may AD PAX6

Question 15

Coloboma - associations

Answer 15

CHARGE syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome, CNS abnormalities. iris/lens/chorioretinal coloboma, microphthalmos, microcornea

Question 16

Morning glory disc - genetics

Answer 16

sporadic, but may PAX6

Question 17

Morning glory disc - uni or bi

Answer 17

uni

Question 18

Morning glory disc - associations

Answer 18

PVF, frontonasal dysplasia, mid-facial anomalies, basal encephalocele, pituitary insufficiency

Question 19

Morning glory disc - complications

Answer 19

serous retinal detachment 30%, CNV

Question 20

Optic disc hypoplasia - uni or bi

Answer 20

uni or bi

Question 21

Optic disc hypoplasia - definition

Answer 21

foveola-disc distance 3x disc, diminished number of nerve fibers

Question 22

Optic disc hypoplasia - causes

Answer 22

young maternal age, primiparity, maternal exposure to agents, double ring sign

Question 23

de Morsier syndrome - other name, features

Answer 23

septo-optic dysplasia. bilateral hypoplasia, absent septum pellucidum, corpus callosum dysgenesis, hypopituitarism

Question 24

Optic disc aplasia

Answer 24

absent or rudimentary

Question 25

Megalopapilla - uni or bi

Answer 25

bi

Question 26

Megalopapilla - definitions, OCT

Answer 26

> =2.1 mm horizontal or vertical, area >2.5mm2. OCT RNFL thinning, but GCC normal

Question 27

Optic disc dysplasia

Answer 27

deformed

Question 28

Papillorenal (renal-coloboma) syndrome - genetics

Answer 28

AD, PAX6

Question 29

Papillorenal (renal-coloboma) syndrome - definition

Answer 29

failure of angiogenesis, renal and optic disc dysplasia

Question 30

Peripapillary staphyloma

Answer 30

non-hereditary, VA markedly reduced, may local RD

Question 31

Peripapillary staphyloma - uni or bi

Answer 31

uni

Question 32

Secondary IIH

Answer 32

Vit. A, tetracyclines, contraceptive pills, SLE, Lyme, sleep apnea