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Ocular Block 8 > Optic Nerve > Flashcards

Optic Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

The optic nerve is always (nasal/temporal)

A

Nasal

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2
Q

How many retinal ganglion cells are there in the RGCL

A

1.2-2.2 million

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3
Q

What is the function of the retinal ganglion cells

A

Output (3rd order neuron) of the retina

Conveys all processed visual info to the brain

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4
Q

What forms the retinal nerve fiber layer

A

Axons of the retinal ganglion cells

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5
Q

The majority of optic Erie fibers have what diameter

A

1 um.

Small percent has 2-10um

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6
Q

What nervous system is CN2 part of

A

CNS

It is a part of the brain

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7
Q

What is the importance of the optic nerve benign a part of the CNS

A

It is prone to many neurological diseases

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8
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the optic nerve

A
  1. Intraocular
  2. Intraorbital
  3. Intracanalicular
  4. Intracranial
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9
Q

Approximately how long is the optic nerve

A

4-5 cm

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10
Q

How is the optic cup displaced

A

Slightly temporal from the center of the disc

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11
Q

Are there nerves in the optic cup

A

No

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12
Q

What is contained in the neuroretinal rim

A

Nerve fibers

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13
Q

The thickness of the neuroretinal rim varies. What is it from thickest to thinnest

A

Inferior
Superior
Nasal
Temporal

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14
Q

What is the cup-disc ratio used for

A

To compare the diameter of the cup with the overall diameter of the optic disc.
Used to assess changes in the neuroretinal rim thickness over time

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15
Q

The central retinal vessels emerge from what side of the cup

A

Nasal side

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16
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the intraocular portion of the optic nerve

A

Pre-laminar

Laminar

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17
Q

What are the layers of the pre-laminar portion of the optic nerve

A

Retinal and choroidal layer

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18
Q

What is located in the retinal layer

And why?

A

Optic disc, because it is the atonal fibers of the retina ganglion cells that converge to form it

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19
Q

What is at the level of the choroidal layer of the optic nerve

A

The choroidal tunic

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20
Q

Where does the lamina cribrosa begin

A

Outermost part of the choroidal layer of the optic nerve and continues into the scleral layer of the optic nerve

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21
Q

What is the meniscus of Kuhnt

A

Glial plaque that lines the optic cup

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22
Q

What is the inner limiting membrane of Elschnig

A

Peripheral continuation of the Meniscus of Kuhnt that lines the surface of the neuroretinal rim

23
Q

What is the inner limiting membrane of the retina

A

Formed by footplates of the Muller cells, continuous with the inner limiting membrane of Elschnig

24
Q

What is the intermediary tissue of Kuhnt

A

Glial tissue that separates outer retina from bundles of optic nerve fibers

25
Q

What is the border tissue of Elschnig

A

Collagen separating choroid from bundles of optic nerve fibers

26
Q

What is the border tissue of Jacoby

A

Glial tissue situated between border tissue of Elschnig and bundles of optic nerve fibers.

Merges with intermediary tissue of Kuhnt

27
Q

What forms a Bergmeister’s Papilla

A

Remnant of Meniscus of Kuhnt tissue surrounding the Hyaloid vasculature during development

28
Q

What is the optic cup size at birth related to

A

Disc size

Reabsorption of glial tissue surrounding hyaloid vasculature

29
Q

What layer makes up the laminar portion of the optic nerve

A

Scleral layer

30
Q

What is the scleral layer of the optic nerve continuous with

A

Scleral tunic of the eyeball

31
Q

What is contained in the scleral layer of the optic nerve

A

Lamina cribrosa

32
Q

T/F Myelin increases the diameter of retrobulbar optic nerve

A

True

33
Q

What do astrocytes do in the optic nerve

A

Form thick columns that keep the axonal fibers organized into bundles in the optic nerve

34
Q

Where does the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve originate

A

25 mm from the sclera to the apex of the orbit

35
Q

Why is the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve thicker

How much does the thickness increase

A

Myelin

1.5mm -> 3-4 mm in diameter

36
Q

What is optic nerve sheath continuous with

A

The meninges of the brain

37
Q

What are the layers of the optic nerve whether from superficial to deep

A

Dura
Arachnid
Pia

38
Q

What do all 3 layers of the optic sheath fuse with

A

Scleral

39
Q

What is papilledema

A

Bilateral swelling of the optic disc caused by elevated intracranial pressure in the subarachnoid space

Slide 29

40
Q

What is pseduopapilledema

A

Blurred disc drusen

Slide 30

41
Q

How long is the intracanalicular portion of the optic nerve

A

5 mm

42
Q

What does the intracanalicular portion of the optic nerve pass through

What accompanies it?

A

The lesser wing of the sphenoid via optic canal

Ophthalmic artery

43
Q

What is the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve continuous with

A

The subarachnoid space of the brain

44
Q

At the apex of the orbit what does the optic nerve reside in

A

The common annular tendon

Annulus of Zinn

45
Q

How long is the intracranial portion of the optic nerve

A

10 mm

46
Q

What is the path of the optic nerve once it leaves the optic canal

A

Passes in the subarachnoid space of the brain, merges with the nerve fibers from the contralateral optic nerve at the optic chiasm

47
Q

How does the central retinal artery run

A

Along the optic nerve

48
Q

What supplies the retinal layer of the optic disc

A

Retinal capillaries

49
Q

What supplies the lamina cribrosa and adjacent plial plexus

A

Arterial circle of Zinn-Haller

Short posterior ciliary arteries

50
Q

Where does the central retinal artery enter the eye

A

Through an aperture in the lamina cribrosa

51
Q

How is the central retinal artery positioned

A

Nasal to the central retinal vein

52
Q

Look at the clinical correlates at the end of the lecture

A

Notes on slides

53
Q

What is the venous drainage of the optic nerve

A

Central retinal vein

Ocular Block 8 (4 decks)

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