Optho/Derm/ENT

Question 1

What are five causes of leukokoria

Answer 1

Cataracts, uveitis, Coloboma, vitreous hemorrhage and retinoblastoma or retinal detachment

Question 2

What are 5 causes of Catarcts

Answer 2

Sturge weber, Trisomy 13, 18 and 21, Rubella, Galactosemia and Homocystinuria

Question 3

Aniridia

Answer 3

the congenital abscence of an iris. It is common in WAGR syndrome and associated with Chromosome 11.

Question 4

Perinaud Oculoglandular syndrome

Answer 4

Associated with catch scratch disease when it goes to the auricular lymphnodes and conjunctivitis

Question 5

Three causes of retinitis Pigmentosa

Answer 5

Cystinosis, Syphillis and Fanconi

Question 6

Salt and Pepper iris

Answer 6

Syphilis, Rubella and Cystinosis

Question 7

4 main syndromes associated with Glaucoma (SR MeN)

Answer 7

Sturge Weber, Rubella, Marfans (homoscystinuria) and NF

Question 8

Triad of Spasmus Nutans

Answer 8

Torticollis, nystagmus and head nodding. Usually starts at about 2 years of age and then it will resolve by around 3-4 years of age.

Question 9

Psoriasis Treatment

Answer 9

Topical Steroids (you need to be careful about using oral steroids because it can cause pustular psoriasis)
Methotrexate
UVB
Vitamin D analogues
Salicylic acid 
Anti TNF

Question 10

What is the treatment regimen for Acne?

Answer 10

Mild - Topical Keratolytic, Salicylic Acid, Topical Retinoid
Moderate: Add Antimicorbial - Benzoyl peroxide
Moderate - Severe: PO antibiotics - Macrolides (erythro and clinda) then minocycline then PO Retinoid (Isotrenitoin)

Question 11

What are the characteristics of neurofibromatosis?

Answer 11

Cafe au lait macules >5 mm pre teen, >15 mm post pubertal and need >6 
Neurofibromas x 2 or Pleixform Neuroma x 1
Axillary or Inguinal freckling 
Lisch Nodules 
Skeletal Abnormalities 
Optic glioma
1st degree relative 
Need 2/7

Question 12

Pitarysis Rosea

Answer 12

Is usually on the trunk of the individual, common in teenagers, hypopigmented macules, herald patch
Usually caused by HHV 6 or 7; Can use antihistamines if very itchy but will usually self resolve.

Question 13

3 Indications for Tympanostomy Tubes

Answer 13

Ear infection for longer than 6 months
3 ear infections in 6 months; 4 year infections in 1 year
Any complication of AOM

Question 14

Osseus and Non osseus causes of Congenital Torticollis

Answer 14

Osseus: Congenital Loss of C1; C1C2 instability

Non Osseus: sternocleidomastoid, sandifer, infectous and CNS malformations

Question 15

5 Causes of Perinatal SNHL

Answer 15

CMV
NICU
Family History 
Hyperbillirubinemia 
Meningits

Question 16

3 reasons when you should treat sinusitis

Answer 16

1. Prolonged course >10 days
2. Bad course - fever, purulent drainage from nose, x 3 days
3. Changing course - new onset fever, discharge or day time cough.

Question 17

When should eyes no longer have pseudostrabismus?

Answer 17

At about 3-4 monhts the eyes should be properly aligned and you can fix and follow a toy.
Prior to that only bright objects (2-3 months)

Question 18

What screening evaluation do you do for uveitis?

Answer 18

Slit lamp