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Clin Med > Optho > Flashcards

Optho Flashcards

1
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

Impaired or dim vision without an obvious defect or change of the eye
Lazy eye

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2
Q

What is the treatment for amblyopia?

A

Refractive: Rx glasses, possibly patching
Deprivation: surgery

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3
Q

What is strabismus?

A

When the eyes do not line up due to a muscle or refractive issue
Cross eye

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4
Q

What is the difference between esotropia and exotropia?

A

Esotropia - nasal deviation of the eye
Exotropia - temporal deviation of the eye

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5
Q

What is the treatment for strabismus?

A

Rx glasses, possibly patching
Vision therapy
Possible surgery

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6
Q

What presents with blurred of vision with a gradual onset, complaints of difficulty driving at night, & the feeling of looking through a film?

A

Cataracts

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7
Q

What is the treatment for cataracts?

A

Surgical replacement of crystalline lens & implantation of corrective implant

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8
Q

What can present with a swollen eyelid that is painful, & may have an external visible pustule?

A

Hordeolum (stye)

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9
Q

What is the first line treatment for a hordeolum?

A

Hot compress (if internal, oral abx)

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10
Q

What presents as a swollen nodule, similarly to a hordeolum, but is not painful?

A

Chalazion

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11
Q

What is the treatment for a chalazion?

A

Hot compress & oral abx (doxy)
May require surgical excision

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12
Q

What is the difference between ectropion and entropion?

A

Ectropion: lower eyelid rolls out causing constant watering (epiphora)
Entropion: lower eyelid rolls inward causing a constant foreign body sensation

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13
Q

What is the first step for a known chemical burn to the eye?

A

Copious irrigation

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14
Q

How does allergic conjunctivitis present that is different from viral/bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Little to no discharge; if there is discharge, it is watery

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15
Q

What presents with painful, red eye that possibly has reduced vision & sensitivity to light that is caused by inflammation of the anterior chamber?

A

Iritis

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16
Q

What commonly presents after a trauma and has blood in the anterior chamber?

A

Hyphema

17
Q

What disorder has been described as feeling like a deep, boring pain?

A

Scleritis

18
Q

How are corneal abrasions often described in terms of symptoms?

A

Feels like there is something (foreign body) in the eye

19
Q

Corneal abrasions can be diagnosed using what?

A

Cornea stain w/fluorescein

20
Q

If a patient presents stating that they believe they got vegetative (plant) matter in their eye, what should you NOT prescribe them?

A

Steroids

21
Q

What is more commonly seen in children and presents with a white pupil, strabismus, & an elevated white mass w/indistinct borders on fundoscopy exam?

A

Retinoblastoma
most common eye cancer in children

22
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?

A

Microaneurysms
Dot/blot hemes
Retinal edema/hard exudates
Cotton wool spots
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA)
Macular edema

23
Q

What is the treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

A

Glucose management
Laser photocoagulation
Vitrectomy

24
Q

What can present with arteriovenous nicking in mild cases?

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

25
Q

What is a sign/symptom of severe hypertensive retinopathy?

A

Optic disc edema

26
Q

What presents with unilateral, painless loss of vision & whitening of the retina w/a macular cherry red spot?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

27
Q

What is the treatment for central retinal artery occlusion?

A

There is not proven effective treatment

28
Q

What presents with diffuse retinal hemes in all 4 quadrants, tortuous veins, cotton wool spots, edema, & neovascularization?

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

29
Q

What is the treatment for central retinal vein occlusion?

A

Treat the underlying cause (ex HTN)

30
Q

What are the differences between primary open angle glaucoma and acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

Primary open angle: slow progression w/peripheral field of vision loss first
Acute angle: sudden, cloudy vision, halos around lights, nausea, headache ocular emergency

31
Q

What causes progressive deterioration of central vision due to damage to the retinal pigment epithelium?

A

Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

32
Q

What disorder has been described as appearing as a curtain fell over the patient’s vision suddenly?

A

Retinal detachment

33
Q

What is the treatment for a retinal detachment?

A

Surgical repair
Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV)
(Old way is to use a scleral buckle)

34
Q

How do you diagnose herpes in the eye?

A

Fluorescein slit lamp
Will appear dendritic

35
Q

If a patient comes in with shingles on the face, what is the first step you should take?

A

Refer to optho

Clin Med (15 decks)

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