Optho Flashcards
What is amblyopia?
Impaired or dim vision without an obvious defect or change of the eye
Lazy eye
What is the treatment for amblyopia?
Refractive: Rx glasses, possibly patching
Deprivation: surgery
What is strabismus?
When the eyes do not line up due to a muscle or refractive issue
Cross eye
What is the difference between esotropia and exotropia?
Esotropia - nasal deviation of the eye
Exotropia - temporal deviation of the eye
What is the treatment for strabismus?
Rx glasses, possibly patching
Vision therapy
Possible surgery
What presents with blurred of vision with a gradual onset, complaints of difficulty driving at night, & the feeling of looking through a film?
Cataracts
What is the treatment for cataracts?
Surgical replacement of crystalline lens & implantation of corrective implant
What can present with a swollen eyelid that is painful, & may have an external visible pustule?
Hordeolum (stye)
What is the first line treatment for a hordeolum?
Hot compress (if internal, oral abx)
What presents as a swollen nodule, similarly to a hordeolum, but is not painful?
Chalazion
What is the treatment for a chalazion?
Hot compress & oral abx (doxy)
May require surgical excision
What is the difference between ectropion and entropion?
Ectropion: lower eyelid rolls out causing constant watering (epiphora)
Entropion: lower eyelid rolls inward causing a constant foreign body sensation
What is the first step for a known chemical burn to the eye?
Copious irrigation
How does allergic conjunctivitis present that is different from viral/bacterial conjunctivitis?
Little to no discharge; if there is discharge, it is watery
What presents with painful, red eye that possibly has reduced vision & sensitivity to light that is caused by inflammation of the anterior chamber?
Iritis
What commonly presents after a trauma and has blood in the anterior chamber?
Hyphema
What disorder has been described as feeling like a deep, boring pain?
Scleritis
How are corneal abrasions often described in terms of symptoms?
Feels like there is something (foreign body) in the eye
Corneal abrasions can be diagnosed using what?
Cornea stain w/fluorescein
If a patient presents stating that they believe they got vegetative (plant) matter in their eye, what should you NOT prescribe them?
Steroids
What is more commonly seen in children and presents with a white pupil, strabismus, & an elevated white mass w/indistinct borders on fundoscopy exam?
Retinoblastoma
most common eye cancer in children
What are the signs/symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?
Microaneurysms
Dot/blot hemes
Retinal edema/hard exudates
Cotton wool spots
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA)
Macular edema
What is the treatment for diabetic retinopathy?
Glucose management
Laser photocoagulation
Vitrectomy
What can present with arteriovenous nicking in mild cases?
Hypertensive retinopathy
What is a sign/symptom of severe hypertensive retinopathy?
Optic disc edema
What presents with unilateral, painless loss of vision & whitening of the retina w/a macular cherry red spot?
Central retinal artery occlusion
What is the treatment for central retinal artery occlusion?
There is not proven effective treatment
What presents with diffuse retinal hemes in all 4 quadrants, tortuous veins, cotton wool spots, edema, & neovascularization?
Central retinal vein occlusion
What is the treatment for central retinal vein occlusion?
Treat the underlying cause (ex HTN)
What are the differences between primary open angle glaucoma and acute angle closure glaucoma?
Primary open angle: slow progression w/peripheral field of vision loss first
Acute angle: sudden, cloudy vision, halos around lights, nausea, headache ocular emergency
What causes progressive deterioration of central vision due to damage to the retinal pigment epithelium?
Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)
What disorder has been described as appearing as a curtain fell over the patient’s vision suddenly?
Retinal detachment
What is the treatment for a retinal detachment?
Surgical repair
Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV)
(Old way is to use a scleral buckle)
How do you diagnose herpes in the eye?
Fluorescein slit lamp
Will appear dendritic
If a patient comes in with shingles on the face, what is the first step you should take?
Refer to optho
