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Clin Med > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary and secondary lesion types in HSV?

A

Primary: clustered vesicles
Secondary: pustules

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2
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of HSV?

A

May have prodrome of pain
Pain/burning (herpes hurt)
Commonly seen on mouth (HSV-1) & genitals (HSV-2)

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3
Q

What are the diagnostic tools that can be used for HSV?

A

Tzanck smear
Serology
PCR
Pt report/exam

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4
Q

What is the treatment for HSV?

A

Acyclovir (400mg TID)
Valacyclovir (1000mg BID)
Both for 7-10 days

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)?

A

More seen in children < 5
Diffuse redness of the skin w/scalding
Diagnosed based of H&P, but can culture/biopsy

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6
Q

What is the treatment for SSSS?

A

Admit
Start IV abx such as Nafcillin (100-150mg/kg per day in divided doses q6 hrs)
Supportive care

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7
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of pityriasis rosea?

A

Itchy, salmon colored rash that starts with a herald patch and changes to plaques in 1-2 weeks
Follows skin cleavage planes

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8
Q

What is the treatment for pityriasis rosea?

A

Self-limiting lasting 3-8 weeks
Antihistamines, emollients, UVB

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9
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of herpes zoster?

A

“Dew drops on a rose petal”
Itchy, tingling, painful rash that follows a dermatome distribution
May have a prodrome, aches, low grade fever

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10
Q

What is the treatment for herpes zoster?

A

Antiviral (Acyclovir, Valacyclovir) within 72 hrs
Pain relief (NSAIDs, narcs if severe)
Gabapentin for neuropathic pain relief

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of rosacea?

A

Common in women 30-50 yo
Symmetric flushing & telangiectasias on cheeks, nose, chin, or forehead
Can have episodic burning/stinging

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12
Q

What is the treatment of rosacea?

A

NO topical steroids
Avoid triggers/things that cause flushing (heat, alcohol, stress)
Topical abx (if pustules/papules), switch to oral abx if topicals fail

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of atopic dermatitis (eczema)?

A

“the itch that rashes”
Starts in childhood
Red patches w/papules
Can be on flexural surfaces (inside elbow), neck, face, back of hands
NOT on flexural surfaces in infants

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14
Q

What is the treatment for atopic dermatitis (eczema)?

A

Avoid triggers
Moisturize w/ointment
Antihistamines for itch
Topical steroids

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15
Q

What commonly presents in children following a viral infection?

A

Viral exanthem

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16
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of viral exanthem?

A

Red macules widely spread on the trunk that blanche w/recent history of viral infection

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17
Q

What is the treatment of viral exanthem?

A

It clears w/the infection

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18
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of stasis dermatitis?

A

Heaviness/aching in the legs that gets better w/rest
Itchy
Hyperpigmentation (if long term)
Rash must be on the legs for dx

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19
Q

What is the treatment for stasis dermatitis?

A

Compression stockings
Elevate legs
Treat the cause of the edema

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20
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Dome shaped, flesh colored, umbilicated papules on the face, trunk, &/or genitalia

21
Q

What is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

A

Conservative (self-limited)
Education on contagiousness
Maybe cryotherapy, curettage, or Imiquimod

22
Q

What is the treatment for furuncles/carbuncles?

A

Warm compress, incise & drain once mature
Maybe abx that cover staph

23
Q

What is a more superficial cellulitis that is only caused by strep?

A

Erysipelas

24
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of erysipelas?

A

Bright, red, glistening, smooth, hot well demarcated plaque that is often on the cheek

25
Q

What is the treatment for erysipelas?

A

IV abx w/strep coverage

26
Q

What presents with a painful, hot, firm, red patch with advancing borders?

A

Cellulitis

27
Q

What is the treatment for cellulitis?

A

Oral abx if not severe
IV abx if severe
Cover for staph and strep

28
Q

What presents as white plaques commonly in the skin folds that are itchy and bleed when removed?

A

Candidiasis

29
Q

What is the treatment for candidiasis?

A

Nystatin or Clotrimazole
1 dose oral Diflucan

30
Q

What presents with scaling/hair loss on the scalp of a small child?

A

Tinea capitis

31
Q

What is the treatment for tinea capitis?

A

Oral antifungals (Griseofulvin or Terbinafine)

32
Q

What diagnostic tool is used for androgenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness)?

A

The Hamilton classification

33
Q

What is the treatment for androgenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness)?

A

Oral finasteride (anti-androgen)
Topicals
Wigs
Hair transplant

34
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of scarlet fever?

A

Red rash on the upper trunk that has a “sandpaper” feel
Strawberry tongue

35
Q

What is the treatment for scarlet fever?

A

Scarlet fever is a result of untreated/under treated group A strep
Treat w/penicillin and Clindamycin

36
Q

What is the treatment for severe acne vulgaris?

A

Topical benzoyl peroxide
If that does not work alone, add topical retinoid/abx

37
Q

What commonly presents with itching/burning in hair bearing areas such as inner thighs, buttocks, face, scalp, etc.?

A

Folliculitis

38
Q

How do you treat folliculitis?

A

Remove triggers
Topical antibiotics (superficial)
Oral antibiotics (if deep or local doesn’t work)
Consider coverage for pseudomonas if recently in hot tub

39
Q

What commonly presents in children with honey-colored crusted lesions?

A

Impetigo

40
Q

What is the treatment for impetigo?

A

Topical mupirocin (if limited)
Cephalexin (if systemic abx req.)

41
Q

What can commonly present with swelling of the lips and eyelids that results from a reaction to a particular drug (commonly seen with ACE inhibitors)?

A

Angioedema

42
Q

What is the treatment for angioedema?

A

If drug induced, stop the drug
Work up for allergic reaction and give epi if anaphylactic
Antihistamines & maybe short course of systemic steroids

43
Q

What is the treatment for tinea corporis (ring worm) and tinea cruris (jock itch)?

A

Topical antifungal (-azoles)

44
Q

What presents as a well defined plaque that has a red base and silver scales and is commonly seen extensor surfaces?

A

Psoriasis

45
Q

What are 2 diagnostic assessments for psoriasis?

A

Koebner: scratching leads to more lesions
Auspitz: remove scale & get pinpoint bleeding

46
Q

What is the treatment for psoriasis?

A

Topical corticosteroids (if limited)
Retinoids, Methotrexate, biologics (if mod-severe)
Avoid systemic steroids

47
Q

What presents with greasy yellow or grey scales over erythematous patches or plaques, and is commonly seen in patients w/Parkinson’s or HIV?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

48
Q

What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Depends on the location
Scalp: antifungal shampoo (ketoconazole)
Face: low potency corticosteroid cream or topical antifungal
Trunk: topical antifungals, topical corticosteroids

Clin Med (15 decks)

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