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General Practice > Opthalmology > Flashcards

Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cardinal symptoms of conjunctivitis?

A

discharge

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2
Q

What is this?

A

conjunctivitis

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3
Q

What is this?

A

Trichiasis

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4
Q

What is this?

A

Entropion

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5
Q

What is the differential for “something in my eye”?

A
  • penetrating eye injury
  • something in the eye
  • entropion
  • trichiasis
  • early conjunctivitis
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6
Q

What is the typical presentation of viral conjunctivitis?

A

acute onset red, watery eye, which spreads to the other eye. History of viral illness/contact

preauricular lymphadenopathy!!!

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7
Q

What is the most common virus to cause conjunctivitis?

A

adenovirus

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8
Q

How to manage viral conjunctivitis?

A

self-limiting to 2-3 weeks (contagious in first 2)

use cold compresses and artifical tears

if vision loss. REFER!!!

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9
Q

What is the typical presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

purulent discharge causing blurred vision, eyelids to be stuck together in the morning

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10
Q

What is the management of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

topical chloramphenicol

OR

fucidic acid drops

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11
Q

What is the presentation fo allergic conjunctivitis?

A

itchy eyes with a “glassy” appearance, No DISCHARGE, and conjunctivare injected. assoc with nasal symptoms

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12
Q

What is the management of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

topical mast cell stabilizers

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13
Q

What is this?

A

blepharitis

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14
Q

How do you manage blepharitis?

A

lid hygiene (hot compress, wash crusts, massage lid margin), topical lubricants

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15
Q

What is this?

A

sub-conjunctival haemorrhage

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16
Q

How does sub-conjunctival haemorrhage present?

A

spontaneous, painless, normal vision, assocated with couhging/straining and HTN

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17
Q

How do you manage subconjunctival haemorrhage?

A

resolves in 2-3 weeks without treatment

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18
Q

What is this?

A

pterygium

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19
Q

What is a pterygium?

A

a benign fibrovascular growth fron the conjunctiva, occurs medially and can extend onto the cornea

only remove if encroaching on vision

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20
Q

Hwo do you manage corneal abrasion?

A

chloramphenicol eye ointmnt, daily review and oral analgesia (DO NOT USE TOPICAL ANAESTHETICS)

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21
Q

What is arc eye?

A

photokeratitis (sunburn of the cornea)

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22
Q

How does arc eye present?

A

“like sand in my eye”, photophobia, tears, constricted pupil

23
Q

How to manage corneal ulceration?

A

intensive topical antibiotics

24
Q

What is the risk associated with using contact lenses?

A

getting bacterial keratitis which can cause corneal ulceration

risk increases when sleep with contact lenses in

25
Q

What is this?

A

herpes simplex viral keratitis

26
Q

What do you always stain the eye with?

A

fluorescein

27
Q

how to manage herpes simplex viral keratitis?

A

refer to opthalmologist

28
Q

What is this?

A

iritis

29
Q

How does iritis present?

A

painful, photophobic, unilateral red eye with circumciliary injection (limbal flush)

30
Q

what is aterior uveitis?

A

iritis

31
Q

What causes iritis?

A

idiopathic/autoimmune (HLA B27 +ve)

32
Q

How to manage iritis?

A

topical steroid drops (to reduce inflammation)

+

topical cyclopentolate drops (to dilate pupils to relieve pain)

33
Q

What is this?

A

episcleritis

34
Q

How do you manage episcleritis?

A

self-limiting to 2-3 weeks

35
Q

How does Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus (HZO) present?

A

painful rash on side of forehead, life adjacent eye slightly inflamed and photophobic (luorescein staining in -ve), with Hutchinson’s sign

36
Q

What is Hutchinsons’s sign?

A

When herpes Zoster opthalmicus involves the tip of the nose (likely to involve the eye)

37
Q

How do you manage HZO?

A

oral and topical antivirals

38
Q

How does acute angle glaucoma present?

A

acute onset of painful red eye, mid-dilated, fixed pupill, cloudy cornea, vision loss (possible to have abdominal pain and vomiting)

39
Q

What are the risk factors for acute angle glaucoma?

A

40-50 yo, female

hostiry of acute glaucoma in other eye

long-sightedness

40
Q

How to manage acute angle glaucoma?

A

IV acetazolamide (to reduce aqueous secretion)

+

pilocarpine drops (to reduce constriction)

+

surgical/laser iridotomy

41
Q

What is this?

A

Meibomian cyst/Chalazion

42
Q

What is a meibomian cyst?

A

benign granulomatous inflammation in the eyelid from retaine meibomian secretions

43
Q

how to manae a meibomian cyst?

A

self-limting, but appy heat and massage twice a day

OR

incision adn curretage

44
Q

What is a stye?

A

a external hordeolum, a small abscess at the base of the eyelash, usually due to Staph aureus.

45
Q

What is the management of an external hordeolum?

A

warm compress and eyelash removal

46
Q

What is this?

A

preseptal cellulitis

47
Q

What is preseptal cellulitis?

A

tender, unilateral infection of the subcutaneous tissue, often seen after chalazion or insect bites

48
Q

How to manage preseptal cellulitis?

A

oral antibiotics

49
Q

What is this?

A

allergy to chloramphenicol

50
Q

What is this?

A

BCC

51
Q

What is this?

A

molluscum contagiosum

52
Q

What is this?

A

hyphaema

53
Q
A

General Practice (8 decks)

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