Opthalmology Flashcards
What is the cardinal symptoms of conjunctivitis?
discharge
What is this?
conjunctivitis
What is this?
Trichiasis
What is this?
Entropion
What is the differential for “something in my eye”?
- penetrating eye injury
- something in the eye
- entropion
- trichiasis
- early conjunctivitis
What is the typical presentation of viral conjunctivitis?
acute onset red, watery eye, which spreads to the other eye. History of viral illness/contact
preauricular lymphadenopathy!!!
What is the most common virus to cause conjunctivitis?
adenovirus
How to manage viral conjunctivitis?
self-limiting to 2-3 weeks (contagious in first 2)
use cold compresses and artifical tears
if vision loss. REFER!!!
What is the typical presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?
purulent discharge causing blurred vision, eyelids to be stuck together in the morning
What is the management of bacterial conjunctivitis?
topical chloramphenicol
OR
fucidic acid drops
What is the presentation fo allergic conjunctivitis?
itchy eyes with a “glassy” appearance, No DISCHARGE, and conjunctivare injected. assoc with nasal symptoms
What is the management of allergic conjunctivitis?
topical mast cell stabilizers
What is this?
blepharitis
How do you manage blepharitis?
lid hygiene (hot compress, wash crusts, massage lid margin), topical lubricants
What is this?
sub-conjunctival haemorrhage
How does sub-conjunctival haemorrhage present?
spontaneous, painless, normal vision, assocated with couhging/straining and HTN
How do you manage subconjunctival haemorrhage?
resolves in 2-3 weeks without treatment
What is this?
pterygium
What is a pterygium?
a benign fibrovascular growth fron the conjunctiva, occurs medially and can extend onto the cornea
only remove if encroaching on vision
Hwo do you manage corneal abrasion?
chloramphenicol eye ointmnt, daily review and oral analgesia (DO NOT USE TOPICAL ANAESTHETICS)
What is arc eye?
photokeratitis (sunburn of the cornea)
How does arc eye present?
“like sand in my eye”, photophobia, tears, constricted pupil
How to manage corneal ulceration?
intensive topical antibiotics
What is the risk associated with using contact lenses?
getting bacterial keratitis which can cause corneal ulceration
risk increases when sleep with contact lenses in
What is this?
herpes simplex viral keratitis
What do you always stain the eye with?
fluorescein
how to manage herpes simplex viral keratitis?
refer to opthalmologist
What is this?
iritis
How does iritis present?
painful, photophobic, unilateral red eye with circumciliary injection (limbal flush)
what is aterior uveitis?
iritis
What causes iritis?
idiopathic/autoimmune (HLA B27 +ve)
How to manage iritis?
topical steroid drops (to reduce inflammation)
+
topical cyclopentolate drops (to dilate pupils to relieve pain)
What is this?
episcleritis
How do you manage episcleritis?
self-limiting to 2-3 weeks
How does Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus (HZO) present?
painful rash on side of forehead, life adjacent eye slightly inflamed and photophobic (luorescein staining in -ve), with Hutchinson’s sign
What is Hutchinsons’s sign?
When herpes Zoster opthalmicus involves the tip of the nose (likely to involve the eye)
How do you manage HZO?
oral and topical antivirals
How does acute angle glaucoma present?
acute onset of painful red eye, mid-dilated, fixed pupill, cloudy cornea, vision loss (possible to have abdominal pain and vomiting)
What are the risk factors for acute angle glaucoma?
40-50 yo, female
hostiry of acute glaucoma in other eye
long-sightedness
How to manage acute angle glaucoma?
IV acetazolamide (to reduce aqueous secretion)
+
pilocarpine drops (to reduce constriction)
+
surgical/laser iridotomy
What is this?
Meibomian cyst/Chalazion
What is a meibomian cyst?
benign granulomatous inflammation in the eyelid from retaine meibomian secretions
how to manae a meibomian cyst?
self-limting, but appy heat and massage twice a day
OR
incision adn curretage
What is a stye?
a external hordeolum, a small abscess at the base of the eyelash, usually due to Staph aureus.
What is the management of an external hordeolum?
warm compress and eyelash removal
What is this?
preseptal cellulitis
What is preseptal cellulitis?
tender, unilateral infection of the subcutaneous tissue, often seen after chalazion or insect bites
How to manage preseptal cellulitis?
oral antibiotics
What is this?
allergy to chloramphenicol
What is this?
BCC
What is this?
molluscum contagiosum
What is this?
hyphaema
