opthalmology

Question 1

Define aniridia

Answer 1

absence of iris, eye all black
a/w PAX 6 gene mutation

Question 2

What medicine causes maculopathy?

Answer 2

Hydroxychloroquine

Question 3

What medicine causes optic neuropathy?

Answer 3

ethambutol

Question 4

What does amiodarone do to eyes?

Answer 4

corneal depositis and optic neuropathy

Question 5

Define anisocoria

Answer 5

unequal pupils

Question 6

Define coloboma and how it arises

Answer 6

Defect in iris/retina/optic nerve/eyelid in infornasal quadrant.
Choroid fissure fails to close completely @ week 6 gestation

Question 7

For what patient are Kay cards used for ?

Answer 7

Verbal 2-4 year olds

Question 8

For what patient is Cardiff cards used for?

Answer 8

Preverbal, <2 years

Question 9

unilateral sagging upper eyelid suggests what?

Answer 9

THird nerve palsy

Question 10

What is the best investigation for complete sight loss but pupillary reflex intact?

Answer 10

Visual evoked potentials

Question 11

Define Horner Syndrome

Answer 11

Unilateral ptosis, restircted pupil and anhidrosis of affected side of face. Caused by damage to sympathetic chain on ipsilateral side

Question 12

Define strabismus

Answer 12

Misalignment of visual axis.
Older children complain of diplopia
Younger children can correct but end up with ambylopia

Question 13

What is retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer 13

Black, pigmented particles + optic atrophy seen on fundoscopy
Patient describe night blindness

Question 14

Describe Moebius Syndrome

Answer 14

Bilateral, fixed convergent squint. Expressionless face.
a/w drooling. congenital.

Question 15

Describe Brown Syndrome

Answer 15

Malfunction of superior oblique muscle, struggles to elevate in adduction. (Can’t look towards nose and up)

Question 16

Quadrantopia is caused by what?

Answer 16

Lesions in the optic radiation.
Temporal lobe upper - quadrantopia
Parietal lobe lower -quadrantopia

Question 17

Watery eyes, photophobia and hazy cornea suggest what?

Answer 17

Congenital Glaucoma

Question 18

Ptosis,proptosis, fixed dilated pupil, not able to look upwards. Suggests what nerve palsy?

Answer 18

CN III

Question 19

Eyes is uppward in adduction, diplopia, has to tilt head for better visual control.

Answer 19

CN IV - Trochlear nerve
innervates superior oblique which moves eye downward and outward.

Question 20

Eye medially deviated and cannot move laterally from the midline. Diplopia in the horzontal plane.

Answer 20

CN VI
abducens nerve