gastroenterology

Question 1

What type of cell provides a protective barrier against damage from mechanical trauma from peristalsis, autodigestion and acid. and how?

Answer 1

Mucous neck cells
Producing bicarbonate and mucous

Question 2

What cells stimulates gastric acid secretion by the parietal cells? and how?

Answer 2

Enterochromaffin-like cells
Produce histamine

Question 3

What cells inhibit gastric secretion and how?

Answer 3

D cells.
They secrete somatostatin
(hypothalamus also secretes this)

Question 4

What cells are responsible for the digestion of protein into amonio acids? How?

Answer 4

Chief cells
They secrete pepsinogen which is converted to pepsin

Question 5

What cells are responsible for producing gastric acid? and what is the bonus thing they secrete?

Answer 5

Parietal cells
hydrochloric acid converts pepsinogen into pepsin
Intrinsic factor.

Question 6

Where are G cells located? what do they secrete?

Answer 6

Pyloric area.
Gastrin - is integral in stimulation of the parietal and chief cells to produce their enzymes.

Question 7

Where is Ghrelin produced and what does it do?

Answer 7

Fundus of the stomach.
Stimulates appetite and growth hormone secretion

Question 8

Where is Leptin secreted and what does it do?

Answer 8

adipocytes
suppresses hunger

Question 9

What cells neutralise hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Answer 9

Acinar cells of the pancreas
proenzymes trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase and also sodium bicarbonate