Opposition from individuals Flashcards
When was Witte politically active?
1892-1903
What roles did Witte hold?
-prime minister
-finance minister
Example of how Witte opposed the Tsars?
advised to start a constitutional monarchy/ liberal reforms after fundamental laws.
Who was Witte replaced by?
-Stolypin.
Example of how Alexander II Delt with key political opponents?
‘the trial of 50’
Examples of Khrushchev and his opposition from individuals?
-completely shoved out by his own party at the end- opponents quietly rose in strength and deposed him- Brezhenev.
3 examples of inside opposition faced by Lenin?
-prominent Bolsheviks calling for a coalition with other socialist groups?
-Brest-Litovsk treaty opposed by Trotsky signed.
-war communism and the NEP.
Which 3 prominent Bolsheviks opposed Lenin?
-Kamenev
–Zinoviev
-Rykov
What was the Brest- Litovsk treaty? (LENIN)
-Ended Russia’s participation in WW1.
Why did Lenin face opposition over the NEP and war communism and what was the reaction?
-changed war communism to NEP.
-Right Bolsheviks favoured NEP
-Left Bolsheviks thought it was a betrayal of revolutionary principles
Opposition faced by Lenin in the lead up to his death?
-Troika clique with Stalin, Kamenev and Zinoviev wanted to stop Trotsky getting in.
After Lenin’s death, what constituted the power struggle?
-disagreement over NEP.
-disagreement over democratic government.
-Trotsky- permanent revolution
-right- socialism in one country.
How successful was the Troika (STALIN)
-successfully discredited Trotsky who was replaced as commissioner for war.
-Kamenev and Zinoviev concerned over Stalin’s peasant and FP.
What did Stalin do to Kamenev and Zinoviev?
-removed as secretaries of their local parties.
-Politburo expanded and reinforced with Stalinists.
What was the united opposition group? /Kamenev, Zinoviev’s and Trotsky response to Stalin?
-opposition to the NEP and free speech.
Who was particularly concerned over grain requisitioning under Stain?
-Bukharin and Kamenev
-Labelled as factionalists.
What eventually happened to Bukharin under Stalin?
-ousted from positions including his membership to the Politburo.
What change of policy led to harsh consequences under Stalin?
-critics removed from the party and posts.
What did the purges under Stalin involve?
-party members failing to implement collectivisation or disagreeing with dekulakisation lost party card.
-1/3 members gone seen to resent industrialisation + collectivisation.
What was Stalin’s response to the formation of the united opposition group?
-All excluded from Politburo
-1927- Trotsky expelled from party
-Trotsky sent to Kazakhstan
-1929- expelled from the USSR.
