Ideology of the Rulers: Tsars Flashcards
What ideology did the Tsars run on?
-Autocracy
What is meant by a Tsarist autocracy?
-Absolute power by one person.
What are 4 features of autocracy?
-Russification
-Orthodoxy
-Paternalism
-Practical necessity.
What is meant by Russification?
-All nationalities should become Russian.
What is meant by Orthodoxy? (how does the tsar uphold this principle)
-Acting as a moral judge on behalf of God.
What is meant by paternalism?
-protection of subjects for good of nation
-‘semi-divine’
What is meant by practical necessity?
-Russia is vast and diverse
-A liberal democracy would be impractical.
What slogan was reinforced by the fundamental laws of 1832? (before Alexander II)
-Orthodoxy, autocracy and nationality.
-the emperor is an ‘unlimited monarch’
Examples of Alexander II’s commitment to autocracy?
-Maintained respect for authority when he compensated prior serf owners after 1861 emancipation edict.
-Trial of 50.
-Assassination of the members of the people’s will.
-Emancipation maintained his control.
Examples of Alexander II moving away from autocracy? (see other class on Alexander II)
-Emancipation of serfs 1861.
-Establishment of the Zemstvos
-new guidelines to allow expression of new and challenging ideas.
-Education reform and judicial reform.
What was Alexander II about to sign into before his death?
-an agreement that would have likely led to a democratic government.
What is meant by the ‘trial of 50’ held by Alexander II?
A trial of key political opponents.
When did Alexander II revert strongly back to autocracy?
His assassination attempt in 1866
Examples of Alexander III’s commitment to autocracy?
-Local Jp’s removed and replaced by land captains - directly appointed and answerable to the minister of the interior.
-Statute concerning measures for the production of state security and social order.
-Pobedonostev
What did Alexander III immediately pass as he came into power?
Statute concerning measures for the production of state security and social order
What was Statute concerning measures for the production of state security and social order? (Alexander III)
-A protection of himself and his family from opposition groups.
What was Alexander III’s rule seen as?
-‘A rule of reaction and repression’
-intent on returning the stability of Russia.
Who was Pobedonostev?
-Chief procurator of the holy synod- influence on religion
-enemy of ‘liberal democracy’
-‘dangerous delusions of the youth’
Who did Alexander III execute in 1887?
Opposition- Lenin’s brother.
Examples of Alexander III moving away from autocracy?
-Peasant land bank to provide cheap loans for the purchase of land
-Educational adjustments
-Attempting to deal with the famine.
Examples of Nicholas II commitment to autocracy?
-The 1905 fundamental laws
-About to sign an agreement before his death that likely would have led to a democratic government.- hold on
-Army under personal command
-Celebrations of the Romanov command.
What did the fundamental laws dialute?
-The impacts of the Zemstvo and the Duma
When were the second fundamental laws passed into existance?
1905
Examples of Nicholas II moving away from autocracy?
-‘abdication in order to save Russia’
-Introduction of the Duma.
-The October manifesto
When did Nicholas celebrate the Romanov control?
1913.
What was the October Manifesto?
-‘ended’ unlimited autocracy
-constitutional monarchy
-civil liberties
-Dumas.
