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Microbiology 2ndsem Prelim > Opportunistic Mycoses Candida > Flashcards

Opportunistic Mycoses Candida Flashcards

1
Q

Cancer(esp. hematological malignancy)–Key defect

A

Neutropenia

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2
Q

Organ Transplantation(bone marrow, liver, lung, kidney)–Key defect

A

Neutropenia

T cells

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3
Q

Cellular Immune Dysfunction(AIDS, lymphoma, CMC

A

Impaired T cell function

low CD4 level

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4
Q

We find the highest frequency of opportunistic fungal infections come in the following order

A

Candidiasis–most common

  1. Aspergillosis
  2. Cryptococcosis
  3. Pneumocyticjerovecii
  4. Zygomycosis
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5
Q

Known colonizers of human & other warm-blooded animals

A

Candida

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6
Q

MOST COMMON invasive fungal infectionin immuno-compromisedpatients
•3rdcommon causeof central line or blood stream infection

A

Candida

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7
Q

mostly caused by commensal host flora–breach of barrier of GI tract

A

Endogenous candidiasis

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8
Q

iatrogenic source of transmissions, eg., used of contaminated solution

A

Exogenous candidiasis

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9
Q

Candida

Species seen in human most often

A 
C. albicans-most common–
C. tropicalis–
C. parapsilosis–
C. krusei(fluconazoleresistant)–
C. glabrata–incapableto form pseudohyphae, but can form germ tube or true germ tubes
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10
Q

found out to be an independent predictor of mortality

A

Nosocomial BSI, candidemia

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11
Q

Normal flora of gut, urethra, & vagina, on the skin, under fingernails & toe nails–Also found in soil, water and air–Excessive wetness overgrowth on skin

A

Candida albicans

Candidiasis

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12
Q

common in pregnant women

A

Vaginal candidiasis

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13
Q

Candida albicans morphogenesis

A 
Unicellular yeast (harmless)
Filamentous (pathogenic
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14
Q

Principal Cell Wall Polymers Candida albicans

A

Glucan

Mannan

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15
Q

Candida albicans phenotypic

A

nutrient stress produces different colony forms

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16
Q

Candida albicans virulence factor

A

fungi that aredrug resistance

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17
Q

C.albicanexhibit phenotypic switching-may change reversibly from typical smooth, white colonycomposed of budding yeast-like cells to

A

Fuzzy or hairy colonies

primarily , pseudo-hyphaland hyphalform

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18
Q

are essential for invasionof the renal pelvis -renal abcess, papillary necrosis or “fungal ball” formation of the ureter or renal pelvis

A

Hyphae

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19
Q

Surface coat of molecules that mimicshost components (decreases recognizability

Virulence factor

A

Molecular mimitry

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20
Q

Hydrolaseswith broad substrate specificities (proteinase, phospholipase(s), lipase(s), acid phosphomonoesterase

A

Lytic enzymes

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21
Q

Lytic enzyme

most potent or thoroughly studied

A

Asparty proteinase

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22
Q

Candida

Important etiological agent presenting as opportunistic infection in

A

Diabetic and HIV patient

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23
Q

Candidiasisalso called as

A

Monoliasis

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24
Q

Candidiasis termed or called

A

Yeast like fungus

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25
Candidiaisis Mucosal infections occur superficially
Discrete white patches on mucosal surface
26
causes itching soreness white, milky curdydischarge, white colored lesions,•Pregnancy in advanced stage,•Majority experience one episode in a life time
Vaginal candidiasis
27
In Immune compromised /AIDS
Oral candidiasis IC commonly seen
28
Mucous membrane infections
Thrush (oropharyngeal) –Esophagitis –Vaginitis
29
Cutaneous infection
Paronychia(skin around nail bed) –Onychomycosis(nails) –Diaper rash –Balanitis
30
Chronic mucotaneous candidiasis
children with T-cell abnormality
31
Occurs in Patients who had more of yeasts form in their mouth, colonized the Gastrointestinal system
Systemic candidiasis
32
Artificial joints, catheters, Heart valves -Colonization –very drug resistant-Remedy: Removal of device
Biofilm formation
33
Terminal infection in BM transplant patientsandRecipients of Anti-cancer therapy
Candida krusei
34
GUT –kidney
C albicans
35
Serious infection, high mortalities than any other fungal pathogen
Candedemias or blood born formation
36
Causes of BSI
C. albicans& C. parapsilosisinfants & Children C. glabrata–in Older patients
37
Mimics Bacterial Meningitis -VP Shunts
Renal Abscess Peritonitis CNS Infection
38
Disseminated candidiasis
Endophthalmitis | Disseminated skin lesion
39
Disfiguring Granulomatous Infection of epithelium-Overlapping syndrome -Persistent, severe & diffuse cutaneous infection
Chronic mucotaneous candidiasis
40
Chronic mucocutaneous infection Involvement
Skin, nails & mucous membranes -T-Cell Deficiency ( CD4 Cells ) –Protection & control of infections
41
Lab diagnosis specimen
Blood, tissue (biopsy or autopsy), sterile fluid, urine, CSF, skin, respiratory secretions
42
Microscopy (direct on specimen -except blood and urine
Gram stain, 10% KOH w/Calco-fluorwhite
43
Histopathology (tissues
H & E -stain poorly | –GMS, PAS -stain well
44
With Calcofluor White Staining-Presumptive Diagnosis-Spherical or ovoid Budding Yeast Cells & Pseudohyphae-SUFFICIENT for diagnosis
KOH mount
45
Superficial = Mixture of Yeast & PseudohyphaeSystemic = Few yeast cells; Mostly pseudohyphae
PAS best
46
CalcofluorWhite x400: Yeast and pseudo-hyphae
Top
47
Gram stain x1000: Yeast and pseudohyphae
Bottom
48
Colony morphology
White, smooth, creamy, sometimes wrinkled
49
Laboratory identification
Unique color on chromagar •Chlamydosporeproduction (terminal vesicle) •Germ tube production (in horse serum
50
Culture shape
Ovoid shape or spherical budding cells pseudo mycelium
51
Routine cultures are done on
Sabouraud'sdextrose agar
52
Culture Grow predominantly in
Yeast phase
53
are seen in Vivo and Nutritionally poor media
Yeast cells Pseudo mycelium True mycelium
54
confers diagnosis
Isolation of Candida from various specimens
55
Creamy white yeast, may be dull, dry irregular and heaped up, glabrous and tough
SabouraudAgar
56
producing green pigmented colonies on specially designed medium to specified certain yeasts based on color they produce
Chromagar
57
Confirmatory test Reynolds -Braude Phenomenon-Diagnostic for C. albicans
Germ tube test
58
Confirmatory test Typical of C. albicans-Thick-walled Chlamydoconidia
Presence of chlamydodpores
59
inoculation of yeast in horse serum incubated at 370C for 2 to 3 hours
Germ tube
60
Germ tube is a continuous filament germinating from the yeast cell without constriction at the point of attachment
Germ tube positive C. albicans, C. dubliniensis
61
Shows constriction at the attachment site
Germ tube negative other Candidaspecies, esp. C. tropicalis
62
large round and thickwalled chlamydospores
Oxgall agar
63
clusters ofblastosporesalongpseudohyphaeat regularintervals
Cornmeal agar
64
Short, curved pseudohyphae
C. Parapsilosis
65
Slender, branched, curved pseudohyphaeshort chains of blastoconidia
C. Lusitaninae
66
Elongated blastoconidiain short chainsarthroconidia
C. Lipholytica
67
Few, short pseudohyphaeClusters of blastoconidiaat septae
C. Guilliermondii
68
Terminal chlamydospores
C, dublienensis
69
Graceful long pseudohyphaeSingle/small groups blastoconidiaalong pseudohyphae
C. Trophicalis
70
No pseudohyphae, small blastoconidia
C. Glabrata
71
Elongate blastoconidiaCrossmatchsticks, tree-like
C. Krusei
72
NOTuseful in routine practice–Low sensitivity and specificity
Candida antigen, antibody and metabolite detection
73
No more sensitive than blood culture in studies to date
Polymerase chain reaction
74
orally, intravenous
Azoles
75
IV
Amphotericin B
76
only with AmphoB because of resistance
Flucytosine
77
caspofungin, micafungin
Echinocandins
78
2ndmost common BSI, seem in older individual
C. Glabrata
79
seen in stem cell transplant recipient
C. Krusei
80
cardiac valve, isolated in hand of health worker, cause of BSI among infant & children
C. Parapsolosis
81
Primary (inherent) resistance
C. lusitaniae(amphotericinB) –C. glabrata(fluconazole) –C. krusei(fluconazole
82
Secondary (acquired) resistance
Fluconazole, other azoles –AmphotericinB –5-FC
83
Yeast
Candida | Cryptococcus neoformans

Microbiology 2ndsem Prelim (5 decks)

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