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Microbiology 2ndsem Prelim > Opportunistic Mycoses Candida > Flashcards

Opportunistic Mycoses Candida Flashcards

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1
Q

Cancer(esp. hematological malignancy)–Key defect

A

Neutropenia

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2
Q

Organ Transplantation(bone marrow, liver, lung, kidney)–Key defect

A

Neutropenia

T cells

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3
Q

Cellular Immune Dysfunction(AIDS, lymphoma, CMC

A

Impaired T cell function

low CD4 level

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4
Q

We find the highest frequency of opportunistic fungal infections come in the following order

A

Candidiasis–most common

  1. Aspergillosis
  2. Cryptococcosis
  3. Pneumocyticjerovecii
  4. Zygomycosis
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5
Q

Known colonizers of human & other warm-blooded animals

A

Candida

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6
Q

MOST COMMON invasive fungal infectionin immuno-compromisedpatients
•3rdcommon causeof central line or blood stream infection

A

Candida

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7
Q

mostly caused by commensal host flora–breach of barrier of GI tract

A

Endogenous candidiasis

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8
Q

iatrogenic source of transmissions, eg., used of contaminated solution

A

Exogenous candidiasis

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9
Q

Candida

Species seen in human most often

A 
C. albicans-most common–
C. tropicalis–
C. parapsilosis–
C. krusei(fluconazoleresistant)–
C. glabrata–incapableto form pseudohyphae, but can form germ tube or true germ tubes
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10
Q

found out to be an independent predictor of mortality

A

Nosocomial BSI, candidemia

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11
Q

Normal flora of gut, urethra, & vagina, on the skin, under fingernails & toe nails–Also found in soil, water and air–Excessive wetness overgrowth on skin

A

Candida albicans

Candidiasis

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12
Q

common in pregnant women

A

Vaginal candidiasis

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13
Q

Candida albicans morphogenesis

A 
Unicellular yeast (harmless)
Filamentous (pathogenic
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14
Q

Principal Cell Wall Polymers Candida albicans

A

Glucan

Mannan

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15
Q

Candida albicans phenotypic

A

nutrient stress produces different colony forms

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16
Q

Candida albicans virulence factor

A

fungi that aredrug resistance

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17
Q

C.albicanexhibit phenotypic switching-may change reversibly from typical smooth, white colonycomposed of budding yeast-like cells to

A

Fuzzy or hairy colonies

primarily , pseudo-hyphaland hyphalform

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18
Q

are essential for invasionof the renal pelvis -renal abcess, papillary necrosis or “fungal ball” formation of the ureter or renal pelvis

A

Hyphae

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19
Q

Surface coat of molecules that mimicshost components (decreases recognizability

Virulence factor

A

Molecular mimitry

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20
Q

Hydrolaseswith broad substrate specificities (proteinase, phospholipase(s), lipase(s), acid phosphomonoesterase

A

Lytic enzymes

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21
Q

Lytic enzyme

most potent or thoroughly studied

A

Asparty proteinase

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22
Q

Candida

Important etiological agent presenting as opportunistic infection in

A

Diabetic and HIV patient

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23
Q

Candidiasisalso called as

A

Monoliasis

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24
Q

Candidiasis termed or called

A

Yeast like fungus

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25
Q

Candidiaisis

Mucosal infections occur superficially

A

Discrete white patches on mucosal surface

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26
Q

causes itching soreness white, milky curdydischarge, white colored lesions,•Pregnancy in advanced stage,•Majority experience one episode in a life time

A

Vaginal candidiasis

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27
Q

In Immune compromised /AIDS

A

Oral candidiasis IC commonly seen

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28
Q

Mucous membrane infections

A

Thrush (oropharyngeal)
–Esophagitis
–Vaginitis

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29
Q

Cutaneous infection

A

Paronychia(skin around nail bed)
–Onychomycosis(nails)
–Diaper rash
–Balanitis

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30
Q

Chronic mucotaneous candidiasis

A

children with T-cell abnormality

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31
Q

Occurs in Patients who had more of yeasts form in their mouth, colonized the Gastrointestinal system

A

Systemic candidiasis

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32
Q

Artificial joints, catheters, Heart valves -Colonization –very drug resistant-Remedy: Removal of device

A

Biofilm formation

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33
Q

Terminal infection in BM transplant patientsandRecipients of Anti-cancer therapy

A

Candida krusei

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34
Q

GUT –kidney

A

C albicans

35
Q

Serious infection, high mortalities than any other fungal pathogen

A

Candedemias or blood born formation

36
Q

Causes of BSI

A

C. albicans&
C. parapsilosisinfants & Children
C. glabrata–in Older patients

37
Q

Mimics Bacterial Meningitis -VP Shunts

A

Renal Abscess Peritonitis CNS Infection

38
Q

Disseminated candidiasis

A

Endophthalmitis

Disseminated skin lesion

39
Q

Disfiguring Granulomatous Infection of epithelium-Overlapping syndrome -Persistent, severe & diffuse cutaneous infection

A

Chronic mucotaneous candidiasis

40
Q

Chronic mucocutaneous infection

Involvement

A

Skin, nails & mucous membranes -T-Cell Deficiency ( CD4 Cells ) –Protection & control of infections

41
Q

Lab diagnosis specimen

A

Blood, tissue (biopsy or autopsy), sterile fluid, urine, CSF, skin, respiratory secretions

42
Q

Microscopy (direct on specimen -except blood and urine

A

Gram stain, 10% KOH w/Calco-fluorwhite

43
Q

Histopathology (tissues

A

H & E -stain poorly

–GMS, PAS -stain well

44
Q

With Calcofluor White Staining-Presumptive Diagnosis-Spherical or ovoid Budding Yeast Cells & Pseudohyphae-SUFFICIENT for diagnosis

A

KOH mount

45
Q

Superficial = Mixture of Yeast & PseudohyphaeSystemic = Few yeast cells; Mostly pseudohyphae

A

PAS best

46
Q

CalcofluorWhite x400: Yeast and pseudo-hyphae

A

Top

47
Q

Gram stain x1000: Yeast and pseudohyphae

A

Bottom

48
Q

Colony morphology

A

White, smooth, creamy, sometimes wrinkled

49
Q

Laboratory identification

A

Unique color on chromagar
•Chlamydosporeproduction (terminal vesicle)
•Germ tube production (in horse serum

50
Q

Culture shape

A

Ovoid shape or
spherical budding cells
pseudo mycelium

51
Q

Routine cultures are done on

A

Sabouraud’sdextrose agar

52
Q

Culture

Grow predominantly in

A

Yeast phase

53
Q

are seen in Vivo and Nutritionally poor media

A

Yeast cells
Pseudo mycelium
True mycelium

54
Q

confers diagnosis

A

Isolation of Candida from various specimens

55
Q

Creamy white yeast, may be dull, dry irregular and heaped up, glabrous and tough

A

SabouraudAgar

56
Q

producing green pigmented colonies on specially designed medium to specified certain yeasts based on color they produce

A

Chromagar

57
Q

Confirmatory test

Reynolds -Braude Phenomenon-Diagnostic for C. albicans

A

Germ tube test

58
Q

Confirmatory test

Typical of C. albicans-Thick-walled Chlamydoconidia

A

Presence of chlamydodpores

59
Q

inoculation of yeast in horse serum incubated at 370C for 2 to 3 hours

A

Germ tube

60
Q

Germ tube is a continuous filament germinating from the yeast cell without constriction at the point of attachment

A

Germ tube positive

C. albicans, C. dubliniensis

61
Q

Shows constriction at the attachment site

A

Germ tube negative

other Candidaspecies, esp. C. tropicalis

62
Q

large round and thickwalled chlamydospores

A

Oxgall agar

63
Q

clusters ofblastosporesalongpseudohyphaeat regularintervals

A

Cornmeal agar

64
Q

Short, curved pseudohyphae

A

C. Parapsilosis

65
Q

Slender, branched, curved pseudohyphaeshort chains of blastoconidia

A

C. Lusitaninae

66
Q

Elongated blastoconidiain short chainsarthroconidia

A

C. Lipholytica

67
Q

Few, short pseudohyphaeClusters of blastoconidiaat septae

A

C. Guilliermondii

68
Q

Terminal chlamydospores

A

C, dublienensis

69
Q

Graceful long pseudohyphaeSingle/small groups blastoconidiaalong pseudohyphae

A

C. Trophicalis

70
Q

No pseudohyphae, small blastoconidia

A

C. Glabrata

71
Q

Elongate blastoconidiaCrossmatchsticks, tree-like

A

C. Krusei

72
Q

NOTuseful in routine practice–Low sensitivity and specificity

A

Candida antigen, antibody and metabolite detection

73
Q

No more sensitive than blood culture in studies to date

A

Polymerase chain reaction

74
Q

orally, intravenous

A

Azoles

75
Q

IV

A

Amphotericin B

76
Q

only with AmphoB because of resistance

A

Flucytosine

77
Q

caspofungin, micafungin

A

Echinocandins

78
Q

2ndmost common BSI, seem in older individual

A

C. Glabrata

79
Q

seen in stem cell transplant recipient

A

C. Krusei

80
Q

cardiac valve, isolated in hand of health worker, cause of BSI among infant & children

A

C. Parapsolosis

81
Q

Primary (inherent) resistance

A

C. lusitaniae(amphotericinB)
–C. glabrata(fluconazole)
–C. krusei(fluconazole

82
Q

Secondary (acquired) resistance

A

Fluconazole, other azoles
–AmphotericinB
–5-FC

83
Q

Yeast

A

Candida

Cryptococcus neoformans

Microbiology 2ndsem Prelim (5 decks)

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