Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Myco > opportunistic mycoses > Flashcards

opportunistic mycoses Flashcards

midterms

1
Q

refers to the free-living microorganisms in the environment that are not typically of concern in human disease

A

saprobe / saprophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

opportunistic mycsoses are seen in ____ commonly encountered as ___

A

opportunistic mycsoses are seen in immunocompromised patients commonly encountered as saprobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most commonly encountered fungi in the lab, common in peanuts

A

aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

second most isolated fungus after candida spp.

A

aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

aspergillus is transmitted by?

A

inhalation of fungal conidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

septate hyphae branching of aspergillus

A

45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

aspergillus

Infection is initiated following inhalation of ___. In the lung air spaces, conidia germinate and invade the __.

A

Infection is initiated following inhalation of fungal conidia. In the lung air spaces, conidia germinate and invade the tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

clinical manifestations of aspergillus

A
  • pulmonary or sinus fungus balls
  • allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
  • external otomycosis
  • mycotic keratitis
  • onychomycosis
  • sinuisitis
  • endocarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

clinical manifestation of aspergillus in the nail and surrounding tissues

A

onychomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

clinical manifestation of aspergillus in the auditory canal

A

external otomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In terms of structure, aspergillus has a __ and __.

A

septated hyphae and conidiophore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

this can be seen in at the end of the conidiophore of aspergillus

A

vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a supporting structure that attached to the vesicles of aspergillus where the phialides attached

A

mutulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

produced from the phialides of aspergillus

A

conidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

has an an erect conidiophore arising from a foot cell within the vegetative hyphae.

A

aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lab diagnosis of aspergillus

A
  • antigen-protein based assays
  • nucleic acid amplification assay
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

for monitoring patients who are at high risk of developing invasive fungal infections

A

antigen-protein based assays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

downside of antigen-protein based assays

A

not true to all spp. of aspergillus because it can have cross reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

downside of nucleic acid amplification assay

A

not readily available for fungi in general

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rapid grower, has a blue-green powdery appearance, and thermotolerant at 45C

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A. fumigatus grows in ___ days

A

2-6 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

microscopic apperance:
- septate hyphae
- foot cell at base L or T shaped

A

A. fumigatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

colony of A. flavus

A

yellow-green colony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A. flavus grows in ____ days

A

1-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

microscopic appearance:
- phialides are uniseriate and biseriate
- Phialides give rise to short chains of yellow orange elliptical or spherical conidia

A

A. flavus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

phialides that produced directly from the vesicle

A

uniseriate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

phialides that produced from a primary row of cells called metulae

A

biseriate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

structure: septate hyphae, long conidiophores, large metulae, small phialides (biseriate)

identify!

A

A. niger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

produces darkly pigmented roughened spores and microscopically, the hyphae are hyaline and septate

A

A. niger

30
Q

colony of A. niger

young:
old:
reverse:

A

young: yellow
old: black dotted surface
reverse: buff or cream colored

31
Q

black dotted surface of the old colony of A. niger is due to?

A

conidia

32
Q

commonly seen in the clinical lab and one of the things that can cause fungus ball and otitis externa

A

A. niger

33
Q

common environmental isolates associated with soil and plants.

they contaminate grains, breads, and fruits

A

mucorales

34
Q

mucorales are most often associated with infections of the __

A
  • sinuses
  • lungs
  • skin
35
Q

septate hyphae of mucorales are called?

A

stolon

36
Q

rootlike structure of mucorales are called?

A

rhizoids

37
Q

general microscopic characteristics:
- Saclike fruiting structures(sporangia)
- Sporangium is formed at tip of sporangiophore
- Septate hyphae
- Rootlike structure

A

mucorales

38
Q

agents of mucorales

A
  • Cunninghamella
  • Lichtheimia
  • Mucor
  • Rhizopus
39
Q

central axis of the sporangia (multispored structure)

A

columella (singular)

40
Q

swelling of the sporangiophore below the columellae (plural)

A

apophysis

41
Q

some mucorales spp. produce this that hold the sporangiophore within the soil or growth substrate

A

rhizoids

42
Q

spectrum of disease of mucorales

A
  • mucormycosis
  • vascular invasion
  • thrombosis and necrosis of tissue
  • rhinocerebral form and perineural invasion (common presentation)
43
Q

perinueral means of retroorbital spread (invasion into the brain)

A

perineural invasion

44
Q

specimen for mucorales

A
  • deep tissue or lesion sample
  • nasal discharge or scrapings
  • respiratory samples
45
Q

transport and processing of mucorales

A

transport w/in 2 hrs upon collection
sensitive to environmental changes

46
Q

blood cultures are not ideal for this type of fungi

A

mucorales

47
Q

detection methods of mucorales

A
  • stains: calcoflour white and KOH
  • molecular method (nucleic acid testing and PCR amplification)
  • cultivation
48
Q

agar used for cultivation of mucorales

A
  • potato dextrose agar
  • 2% MALT
  • cherry decoction (acidic) agars
49
Q

Growth media containing ___ inhibits the production of asexual fruiting bodies that are required for the proper identification of the Mucorales species

A

high concentrations of carbohydrates

50
Q

colony characteristic of mucorales

A

fluffy, white to gray or brown

51
Q

Hyphae diffusely covers the surface of the agar within 24 to 96 hours. identify!

A

mucorales

52
Q

mucorales are the hyphae that can grow very fast and may lift the lid of the agar plate also known as

A

lid lifter

53
Q

reproduction characteristics of mucorales:
- sexually reproduced through __
- asexually reproduces through ___

A

sexually = zygospores
asexually = sporangiospores

54
Q

identify:
- can be recovered from the sinuses
- Sporangiophores are erect, branching into several vesicles that bear
sporangioles

A

cunninghamella

55
Q

white to gray cottony colony, identify.

A

M. cunninghamella

56
Q

agent for rhinocerebral mucomycosis, found in patients with diabetes and ketoacidosis

hyphae: broad and ribbon like

A

M. lichtheimia

57
Q

rhizoids that are short, thin projections that anchor the growing cells to substratum

A

internodal rhizoids

58
Q

microscopic appearance: erect sporangiospores, few septate, internodal rhizoids

identify the spp.

A

M. lichtheimia

59
Q

mucorales that has no rhizoids

A

M. mucor

60
Q

identify the agent:
- agent of disseminated disease
- sporangia remain intact
- dirty white-mousy brown colonies

A

M. mucor

61
Q

most common mucorales causing human disease and may be recovered from almost any source

A

M. rhizopus

62
Q

identify the agent:
- Rhizoid sappear opposite of stolon
- Rapid grower
- erect sporangiophores terminating in dark sporangia and sporangiospores

A

M. rhizopus

63
Q

slide culture prep shows umbrella-shaped

A

M. rhizopus

64
Q

associated with the pulmonary disease of immunocompromised patients

A

geotrichum

65
Q

identify the spp.

arthroconidia formed from vegetative hyphae, occur singly or may be branched

A

geotrichum

66
Q

Colonies appear white to cream and yeastlike and
can be confused with Trichosporon spp

Septate and hyaline saprophytes

A

geotrichum

67
Q

can rarely cause infections but disease involve chronic fungal sinusitis

A

penicillium

68
Q

penicillium is inhibited at?

A

37C

69
Q

identify the spp.
- erect conidiophores
- sometimes branched
- metulae bearing one or several phialides on which
oval to ovoid conidia are produced in long, loose chains

A

penicillium

70
Q

rapid grower, with colonies usually in shades of green or blue-green

A

penicillium

Myco (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions