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Clinical Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 clinical classifications of mycosis

A

superficial
subcutaneous
systemic
opportunistic

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2
Q

enumerate the organisms that infects the outermost layer of the skin or hair (superficial mycoses)

A

Malassezia furfur
Piedraia hortae
Hortaea werneckii
Trichosporon spp.

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3
Q

which superficial organisms have yeast forms

A

Malassezia furfur
Trichosporon spp.

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4
Q

Tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia furfur

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5
Q

this superficial mycosis causes dandruff which is prevalent during warm weather

A

Malassezia furfur

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6
Q

common sites for Malassezia furfur

A

face
abdomen
chest
trunk

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7
Q

this causes patchy lesions/scaling

A

Malassezia furfur

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8
Q

laboratory diagnosis of M furfur

A

KOH: spaghetti and meatballs; budding yeast
Wood lamp: yellow fluorescence

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9
Q

this is described as spaghetti and meatballs fungus under KOH

A

Malassezia furfur

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10
Q

this fungus is septate demataceous

A

Piedraia hortae
meaning it is septated and phaeoid

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10
Q

causes Black piedra

A

Piedraia hortae

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11
Q

causes scalp hair infection and can be seen to have dark brown to black nodules

A

Piedraia hortae

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12
Q

how many ascospores do Piedraia horate contain

A

8 ascospores

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13
Q

True or False:
Hortaea wernickii consists of asci (saclike) structure

A

False, it should be Piedraia hortae

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14
Q

this causes brown to black non scaly macules in palms and soles

A

Hortaea wernickii

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15
Q

other name is Tinea nigra

A

Hortaea wernickii

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16
Q

lab diagnosis of Hortaea wernickii

A

skin scrapings
10%-20% KOH
Hyphal elements with budding cells

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17
Q

called as white piedra

A

Trichosporon spp

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18
Q

where do white piedra occurs

A

hair shaft

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19
Q

True or False:
Trichosporon spp are considered to be commensal of the scalp

A

False. It is an opportunistic systemic pathogen associated with immunocompromised diseases

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20
Q

what are the clinically significant Trichosporon spp

A

T beigelii human pathogen
T asahii fatal disease for immunocompromised
T mucoides systemic disease (meningitis)

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21
Q

True or False:
Mycoses is classified based on site of infection

A

True

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22
Q

True or False:
most fungi are opportunistic (affect mostly immunocompromised)

A

True

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23
Q

what is it called for those who are able to degrade the keratin as a source of nitrogen

A

dermatophytes

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24
Q

Superficial mycoses are caused by

A

non-dermatophytes

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25
Q

superficial mycoses is divided into two

A

superficial (nondermatophytes)
cutaneous (dermatophytes)

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26
Q

dermatophytes or non: keratinophilic

A

dermatophytes

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27
Q

this fungi is observed for those that undergo lipid replacement therapy because lipid proliferates it

A

Malassezia furfur

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28
Q

known as the skin colonizer

A

Malassezia furfur

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29
Q

other factors that ifluences Malassezia furfur

A

nourishment (poor health)
genetics
excessive sweating

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30
Q

True or False:
Piedraia hortae can be observed in KOH

A

true, be careul not to destroy nodules

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31
Q

true or false:
Hortaea wernickii involves inflammatory and tissue reactions

A

false, it does not involve both

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32
Q

true or false: Malassezia furfur is darker than Hortaea wernickii

A

false, H wernickii is darker

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33
Q

this is confused with malignant melanoma

A

Hortaea wernickii

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34
Q

can be seen with white noodules

A

Trichosporon spp

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35
Q

this can be isolated mostly from animals and soil and is part of normal skin biota

A

Trichosporon spp

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36
Q

True or False: disease caused by Trichosporon is rarely encountered

A

true

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37
Q

where will Trichosporon grown? what other tests are done?

A

primary plating media (SDA)

Biochemical testing:
- carbohydrate fermentation
- potassium nitrate
- assimilation of sugars
- urease

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38
Q

important genera under dermatophytes and what do they infect

A

Trichophyton- hair, skin, nails
Microsporum- hair, skin
Epidermophyton- skin, nails

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39
Q

appearance of dermatophytes on infected sites

A
  • usually appear as lesions, scaling, and patches.
  • hair may become brittle.
  • nail discoloration
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40
Q

most species of Trichophyton is…

A

anthrophilic (human loving)

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41
Q

enumerate the tineas which is caused by Trichophyton

A

Tinea corporis- body
Tinea cruris- groin or jock itch
Tinea capitis- scalp and hair
Tinea unguium- nail
Tinea barbae- beard
Tinea pedis- feet or “athlete’s”

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42
Q

lab diagnosis for Trichophyton

A

calcofluor white or KOH (reveals hyaline septate hyphae or arthroconidia)

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43
Q

what Trichophyton crusty lesion made up of dead epithelia

A

T schoenleinii (tinea favosa)

tinea favosa

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44
Q

what Trichophyton: antler hyphae; white and wrinkled colony

A

T schoenleinii

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45
Q

this Trichophyton commonly causes mycosis that infect the nails

A

T mentagrophytes

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46
Q

microconidia of T mentagrophytes

A

grapelike, teardrop-shaped

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47
Q

colony of T mentagrophytes

A

white granular ad fluffy varieties
yellow in younger clonies

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48
Q

microconidia of T rubrum

A

clavate or peg shaped

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49
Q

colony of T rubrum

A

white downy-pink granular
young: reverse yellow
old: wine/red

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50
Q

this is a nail dermatophyte (Trichophyton) that is slow growing

A

T rubrum

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51
Q

hair dermatophyte under Trichophyton that is larger than other dermatophytes

A

T tonsurans

52
Q

microconidia of T tonsurans

A

teardrop or club shaped with flat buttoms

53
Q

macroconidia of T tonsurans

A

balloon shaped

54
Q

colony of T tonsurans

A

white, tan to yellow or rust
suede like to powdery

55
Q

rat tail macroconidium

A

T verrucosum

56
Q

this dermatophyte have a colony of glabrous to velvety white colonies

A

T verrucosum

57
Q

this dermatophyte have its microconidia described as large and teardrop shaped

A

T verrucosum

58
Q

a hair dermatophyte that have chlamydoconidia commonly aligned in chains

A

T violaceum

59
Q

colony is described as port wine to deep violet, heaped or flat with waxy, pigment may be lost on subculture

A

T violaceum

60
Q

macroconidia of Microsporum spp

A

echinulate spindle-shaped
thick walled
four or more septa

61
Q

microconidia of Microsporum spp

A

club shaped
borne oh hyphae

62
Q

colony of microsporum spp

A

aerial hyphae
velvety, powdery, glabrous, or cottony
varies in color (whitish-cinammon brown)

63
Q

this is the primary cause of tinea capitis

A

M audouinii

64
Q

the appearance of this dermatophyte is low-grade superficial lesion; circular, scaly patches of alopecia; “black dot” ringworm

A

M audouinii

65
Q

transmission of M audouinii

A

infected hairs on caps, hats, combs

66
Q

microscopic appearance of M audouinii

A

rare bizzare shape; terminal chlamydospores

67
Q

describe the colony of M audouinii

A

cottony white - salmon
velvety aerial mycelium

68
Q

result of M audouinii under woods lamp

A

positive woul appear yellow-green

69
Q

this Microsporum sp is zoophilic, meaning a pathogen of animals

70
Q

this is the most common cause of ringworm in dogs

71
Q

transmission of this Microsporum sp is due to contact with infected animals

72
Q

what are the tests done for M canis

A

**positive for woods lamp
can be observed using calcoflour white or potassium hydroxide

73
Q

a macroconidia with tapering spiny distal ends

74
Q

colony of m. canis

A

lemon-yellow or yellow orange fringe

75
Q

a fusiform, thick-walled conidia and spindle-shaped but not as pointed as distal ends of m. canis

A

m. gypseum

76
Q
  • a free living in the soil (geophilic)
  • infection in hair and skin
A

m. gypseum

77
Q

the colony of this microsporum sp are:
- powdery surface
- buff or cinnamon color
- undersurface is brownish

A

M. gypseum

78
Q

the clinically significant epidermophyton spp.

A

E. floccosum

79
Q

microscopic appearance of E. floccosum

A

rounded tip, multiseptate, thin-walled macroconidia

80
Q

the colony apperance of this sp is olive green to khaki

A

E. floccosum

81
Q

traumatic implantation of foreign objects leading to fungus entry

A

subcutaneous mycoses

82
Q

main causes or agents of tinea cruris and tinea pedis

A

E. floccosum

83
Q

agents of subcutaneous mycoses are commonly found in __

A

soil or decaying vegetation

84
Q

this infects deeper layers of the skin specifically muscles, connective tissues, and bone.

A

subcutaneous mycoses

85
Q

how will you differentiate subcutaneous mycoses from your superficial?

A

subcutaneous are progressive and mostly ulcerations and lesion (lisod i treat) so dugay sila moheal. for superficial, pwede ra madala og antifungal agents.

86
Q

diseases under subcutaneous mycoses

A
  • chromoblastomycosis
  • phaeohyphomycosis
  • eumycotic mycetomas
87
Q

the papules resembles cauliflower lesions found at site of trauma which spreads through lymphatic system

enlarges to form warty or tumorlike lesions

A
  • chromoblastomycosis
  • verrucous dermatitis
  • chromomycosis
88
Q

copper-colored septate cells, divide by binary fission which resembles “copper pennies”

A

sclerotic bodies

89
Q

macroscopic appearance: cauliflower-like
microscopic apperance: sclerotic bodies

A

chromoblastomycosis

90
Q

agents having a sclerotic bodies

A
  • Cladophialophora carrionii
  • Fonsecaea pedrosoi
  • Phialophora verrucosa
91
Q

sample needed for lab diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis

A

scrapings from crusted lesion

92
Q

tests for chromoblastomycosis

A
  • 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH)
  • MALDI-TOF MS (molecular method)
93
Q

these can be seen during KOH test for chromoblastomycosis

A

muriform cells
aggregation of dark brown cells

94
Q

flask-shaped phialides well developed collarette and one celled conidia oval

A

Phialophora verrucosa

95
Q

erect conidiophores, sporulation with long chains of elliptical conidia, and has a fusiform conidia

A

Cladophialophora carrioni

96
Q

term refers to the formation of conidia that is bent in angle

97
Q

it has a sympodial arrangement of conidiophores

A

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

98
Q

caused by darkly pigmented fungi and it is distinguisable by phaeoid fungi

A

phaeohyphomycosis

99
Q

diseases that are associated by phaeohyphomycosis

A
  • phaeohyphomycotic cysts
  • progressive soft tissue infection
  • brain abscess
  • systemic infection

common: sinusitis and pulmonary infection

100
Q

agents of phaeohyphomycosis

A
  • Alternaria spp.
  • Bipolaris spp.
  • Cladophialophora spp.
  • Curvularia spp.
  • Exophiala spp.
101
Q

phaeohyphomycosis can be examined thru?

A

direct microscopic exam and histopathologic (staining)

102
Q

this stains fungal elements brown-black in red background for phaeohyphomycosis

A

ammonium hydroxide

103
Q

hyphae cannot be seen in direct exam for phaeohyphomycosis, what will you use instead?

A

use calcoflour

104
Q

chain of large brown conidia having a drumstick appearance

A

alternaria spp.

105
Q

sample for germ tube

A

serum or plasma

106
Q

has a geniculate conidiophores and + for germ tube (formed at both ends 25C at 24 hrs)

A

bipolaris spp.

107
Q

it has a shield cells appearance on wet mount and conidiophores are long and branched chains

A

Cladophialophora spp.

108
Q

hyaline septate, conidiophores are geniculate.

the conidia are sympodial, golden-brown central swollen cell

A

Curvularia spp.

109
Q

a yeastlike cells produced by annelides

A

Exophiala spp.

110
Q

annelides have a _____ succession

A

basipetal succession

new cells (youngest conidium) is at the basal (taas) and the old ones is naa sa ubos, mag succession (mgpatongpatong) sya.

111
Q

a chronic infection caused by bacteria or fungi characterized by swelling or exudate

A

eumycotic mycetomas

112
Q

chronic progressive infection cutanoues lesion (WHO)

113
Q

lab diagnosis for mycetomas

A
  • amplification test for fungal DNA in sterile body fluids
  • MALDI-TOF MS
  • staining
114
Q

stains used for diagnosing mycetomas

A
  • hematoxylin-eosin
  • methenamine silver: appear black
  • fontana-masson: pigmented hyphae
115
Q

an anamorph boydii

A

Scedosporium boydii

116
Q

a teleomorph boydii that forms “cleistothecia” containing ascospores

A

Pseudoallescheria boydii

117
Q

term refers to the P. boydii ability to go sexual reproduction appearance

A

homothalic

118
Q

granules of Scedosporium boydii

A

white mycetoma

119
Q

Acremonium spp. was previously known as

A

Fusarium falciforme

120
Q

S. boydii has white-dark gray colonies on what agar?

A

Potato dextrose agar

121
Q

which of the following spp. is having white mycetoma granules?

  • Acremonium spp.
  • Scedosporium boydii
  • Madurella spp.
  • 1st and second choice
  • all of the choices
A

1st and 2nd choice

(Madurella - black mycetoma)

122
Q

sp. of most cases of mycetoma

A

Madurella spp.

123
Q
  • granules: black mycetoma
  • long tapering phialides

identify what sp.?

A

Madurella spp.

124
Q

commonly manifest as lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

A

Sporothrix Schenchkii Spp. complex

125
Q

common as “Rose handler’s disease” since they are usually found in soil or most cases are associated with gardening

A

Sporothrix

126
Q

usually infects those people handling roses (plantitas/titos)

A

Sporothrix

127
Q

SPOROTHRIX - dimorphic examined at 22-37C

direct exam:
microscopic exam:

A

direct: yeast form - cigar shaped
microscopic: fungi form - rosette

Myco (5 decks)

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