opp final Flashcards
direct vs indirect vs combined
barrier
new physiologic neutral
In the context of Osteopathic Principles and Practices (OPP), the term “new physiologic neutral” refers to a shift in the body’s balance or homeostatic state that occurs after an intervention, such as osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). Essentially, it’s the body’s new baseline or equilibrium after it has been manipulated, treated, or adjusted by the osteopathic physician.
indirect method
the indirect method of treatment refers to techniques that move the body away from the restrictive barrier (the point where motion is restricted due to somatic dysfunction) and towards a position of ease or neutral
inhrent force
exageration method
The exaggeration method is a specific indirect technique where the osteopathic physician exaggerates the position of restriction, moving the affected joint or tissue into an even more exaggerated position of ease
respiratory force vs patient coorporation
indirect vs direct techniques
tender point vs trigger point
what activating force do these use ?
what type of technique is counterstrain?
Unique advantage:
proprioceptive theory
proprioceptive theory suggests that manipulating or positioning the body in specific ways can stimulate proprioceptors, influencing the nervous system to improve muscle tone, joint mobility, and overall function.
Common Triggers for a
Counterstrain Tender Point:
Proposed Mechanism(s) for Clinical Efficacy of
Counterstrain
Mechanism of Action of Treatment of counterstain
gamma efferent system and counterstrain
In simple terms, the gamma efferent system is a part of the nervous system that helps regulate muscle tone and sensitivity to stretch. It involves gamma motor neurons, which control the muscle spindles—the sensory organs within muscles that detect changes in muscle length and send signals to the brain. When gamma motor neurons are active, they adjust the sensitivity of the muscle spindles, affecting how muscles respond to stretch.
Counterstrain Technique:
In counterstrain, the practitioner gently positions the patient in a way that shortens the muscle around the tender point. This position reduces muscle stretch and deactivates the overstimulated muscle spindle reflex (the gamma efferent response).
By positioning the body correctly, counterstrain essentially “tricks” the nervous system. It relaxes the gamma efferent system, reducing the abnormal tension in the muscle and decreasing the pain caused by muscle spasms.
metabolic system and what does it mean for treatment
neurocirculatory system
The neurocirculatory system involves the relationship between the nervous system and the circulatory system in how the body handles pain, muscle tension, and tender points.
Nociceptive signals (pain signals) play a central role in the formation of tender points, which are often linked to somatic dysfunction (muscle or structural problems).
When a tender point is in a position of comfort, the nociceptive activity (pain signal) is reduced, and the tenderness can disappear.
Palpation (feeling the tender point) not only detects changes in the nervous system but also reveals changes in the myofascial tissue and the small blood vessels (circulation), which improve when the muscle is relaxed and in a comfortable position.
This process explains how osteopathic treatments (like counterstrain) can help by adjusting the position of comfort, improving blood flow, reducing muscle tension, and decreasing pain at the tender point.
what is a tender point?
Counterstrain Theory (for tender points within muscle)
reciprocal inhibition
muscle spasm
Muscle spasm: When a muscle is in a spasm, its fibers are tightly contracted, which affects the muscle spindle (a sensory receptor that detects muscle stretch).
Decreased muscle spindle activity: In this contracted state, the muscle spindle becomes less sensitive because both the length and rate of change of length (how fast the muscle is stretching) are reduced. This means it sends fewer signals to the brain.
Nervous system response: To compensate, the brain sends stronger signals (via gamma efferent nerves) to the muscle spindle, making it more sensitive to stretch.
Increased sensitivity: This increased sensitivity makes the muscle feel like it’s being stretched more than it actually is, leading to ongoing pain and tightness.
Muscle contraction locks in: As a result, the muscle stays in a contracted state around the muscle spindle, creating chronic pain because the muscle is “locked” in tension.
In short, a muscle spasm can cause a feedback loop where the nervous system makes the muscle more sensitive to stretch, which keeps it tight and painful
Physiology of (Strain) Counterstrain Treatment
of Muscle Tissue
indications for counterstrain
Contraindications to Counterstrain
tender vs trigger point
how to treat a Trigger Point with Direct Inhibition
Counterstrain Diagnosis
Counterstrain treatment
tender point and treatment position
trigger point treatment
Trapezius Counterstrain
rotate away, FLEX and traction
Subscapularis Counterstrain
IR–E
Supraspinatus Counterstrain
FAb ER
Levator Scapula counter strain
Biceps Brachii Long Head counter strain
Pectoralis Minor Counterstrain
