Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OPP > OOP midterm > Flashcards

OOP midterm Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

Tendency of the body to seek and
maintain a condition of balance or
equilibrium within its internal
environment, even when faced with
external changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Allostasis

A

body’s attempt to compensate for a stressful
situation in a protective manner

When threatened, the neuroendocrine-immune network-
capable of altering normal homeostatic rhythms
– As threat diminishes, feedback control systems should suppress
levels of allostatic compounds, returning body to normal function
– Disease processes will activate allostatic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Frequent activation of stress response
A

damages body chronically through activation
of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis
– Effects add up progressively (cumulative)

Allostatic load: price paid for chronic exposure
to stress-mediated neuroendocrine adaptations
– Long-term exposure to allostatic chemical
environment (catecholamines, cortisol, cytokines)
* Long-term activation of allostatic mechanism—
gradual destruction of organ systems
– Gradual loss of effectiveness of feedback pathways to
reestablish normal homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Allostatic load:

A

Allostatic load: price paid for chronic exposure
to stress-mediated neuroendocrine adaptations
– Long-term exposure to allostatic chemical
environment (catecholamines, cortisol, cytokines)
* Long-term activation of allostatic mechanism—
gradual destruction of organ systems
– Gradual loss of effectiveness of feedback pathways to
reestablish normal homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biomechanical Model

A

patient has T4/T3 restriction, so they would have trouble walking

Uses structural/mechanical perspective to assess patient
* Structural impediment caused by a dysfunction of muscles, joints,
&/connective tissue

Can lead to disturbances in various body functions

  • Assess patient for a structural impediment (somatic dysfunction)
    – By using OMT to correct somatic dysfunction, patient regains associated structural,
    vascular, neurologic, metabolic, & behavioral functions
  • Objective: Optimize patient’s adaptive potential through restoring
    structural integrity & function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Respiratory-Circulatory Model

A

Evaluation & treatment:
– Maximize capacity & efficiency of respiratory-circulatory functions

maintenance of extra- & intra-cellular environments
– Delivery of oxygen & nutrients
– Removal of cellular waste products

OMT addresses dysfunction in:
– Respiratory mechanics
– Circulation
– Flow of body fluids

restoring fluid circulation

ex: compressed nerved—-> light headed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

neurological model

A
  • Sensory & protective
  • Focuses on impairments of neural function caused by or cause pathophysiologic responses in
    the other 4 domains

relationship between somatic and autonomic NS

  • Considers influence on neuroendocrine immune network by:
    – Spinal facilitation
    – Proprioceptive function
    – Autonomic nervous system
    – Activity of nociceptors (pain fibers)

compression of vangus nerve, anxiety

IMPAIRMENT OF A NEURAL FUNCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

neurological model

OMT focus and goal of treatment

A
  • OMT focus
    – Reduction of mechanical stresses
    – Balance of neural inputs
    – Elimination of nociceptive drive
  • Goal of treatment:
    – Re-establish normal/optimal neural function
    – Attain autonomic balance and flexibility
    – Address neural reflex activity
    – Remove facilitated segments
    – Decrease afferent nerve signals
    – Achieve pain relief

compression of vangus nerve —> anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metabolic-Energy (Nutritional) Model

A

Recognizes that the body seeks to maintain a balance between
– Energy production, Distribution, Expenditure
* The body’s ability to restore & maintain health requires energy-efficient response to
infectious agents & repair of injuries
* Proper nutrition enables normal biochemical processes, cellular functions, &
neuromusculoskeletal activity

injury to MSK burdens the energy

diabetic—> weight gain —-> strain on body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Behavioral (Biopsychosocial) Model

A
  • Recognizes that patient’s health includes:
    – Mental, emotional, & spiritual state of being
    – Personal lifestyle choices
  • Health is often affected by:
    – Environmental, socioeconomic, cultural, & hereditary factors
    – Various emotional reactions & psychological stresses
  • Environmental toxicities, inactivity, lack of exercise, use of addictive substances, poor
    dietary choices can diminish a patient’s adaptive capacity, make him/her vulnerable to
    infections and/or organ/system failure
  • Provide patient EDUCATION on:
    – Health
    – Disease & lifestyle choices
    – Mental outlook
    – Preventative care

diabetic—> weight gain—>strain on body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Somatic Dysfunction:

A

“Impaired or altered function of related components of the
somatic (body framework) system: skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial structures, and
related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements.”
– Impaired joint mechanics
– Altered mechanics of the associated soft connective tissue (e.g., abnormal
resting length of muscle, alteration of the tension of ligament, aberrant tension
across fascia, strain in the dura, and congestion in the extracellular matrix)
– Dysfunctions of arterial supply, venous and lymphatic drainage, and nerve
conduction
– Changes in the tissues resulting from the foregoing to include tissue texture
change (ropiness,

SAM’S RV LANE

Skeletal,
Arthrodial
Myofascial Structures
Related Vascular
Lymphatic and Neural Elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary Somatic Dysfunction

A

– The somatic dysfunction that maintains a total pattern of dysfunction including
other secondary (“key lesion”)
– Initial or first somatic dysfunction to appear temporally
– Sudden trauma (usually an external force)
– Postural imbalances, micro trauma and repetitive trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secondary Somatic Dysfunction

A

– Compensation for a primary problem
– Compensation for musculoskeletal defects
– Reflex response to visceral disease
– Reflex response to emotional stress
– Compensation for a hereditary imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 4 tenets of osteopathic medicine

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

structure and function relationship example

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1892

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

1874

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1918

A

R.K. Smith, M.D., D.O. presented information collected by the AOA at the Annual
Convention of the American Association of Clinical Research in New York City on
October 18, 1919:
* 2,445 DOs reported on their patients
– Influenza
* 110,120 cases treated
* Only 257 deaths (approximately 0.25% mortality rate)
* Reported MD patient mortality rate was 5%
– Influenza-associated Pneumonia
* 6,258 cases treated
* Only 635 deaths (approximately 10% mortality rate)
* Reported MD patient mortality rate was >30% (3x higher than DO rate)

DO had less death rates overall!!!

INC patient volume for DOs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

1961

A
  • 1961 - California Osteopathic Association merged with California Medical Association
  • 1961 - The College of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons in Los Angeles changed
    to an allopathic institution, becoming the California College of Medicine (now the
    University of California Irvine School of Medicine)
  • 1962 - Qualified and consenting D.O.s were conferred M.D. degrees
    – About 2,000 D.O.s converted their degree to M.D.
    – No additional training/education was required, only an administrative fee of $65
    – New degrees only recognized within California & specialists unable to practice as such
    – D.O.s would no longer be licensed in the state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

HOMEOSTASIS VS ALLOSTASIS

A

Homeostasis- process how body keeps itself in threshold where body can survive

Allostasis—how the body adapts to stressors ….. When the body is under a lot of stress, the baseline will shift. “body’s attempt to compensate for a stressful situation in a protective manner”

The big goal of Osteopathy is to restore homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

palpation

A

Application of variable manual pressure upon the surface of the body for the
purpose of determine the shape, size, consistency, position, inherent motility and
health of the tissues beneath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Observation of Static Landmark

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Observation of Static Landmark- in the Mid-Gravity
Line/Plumb Line

  • Mid-heel point
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Umbilicus
  • Xiphoid process
  • Mid-sternum
  • Episternal notch
  • Symphysis menti
  • Glabella
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anterior Static Landmarks in the Mid-Gravity
Line/Plumb Line

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe the 5 models

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Somatic Dysfunction:

A

Somatic Dysfunction: “Impaired or altered function of related components of the
somatic (body framework) system: skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial structures, and
related vascular, lymphatic and neural elements.

SAM’S RV LANE”

  • Somatic dysfunction is a functional disorder
  • If pure somatic dysfunction is diagnosed and removed, normal function is restored
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Acute Somatic Dysfunction

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Chronic Somatic Dysfunction

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Acute vs. Chronic Tissue Texture Changes

A

Acute
Moist
Boggy
Edema
Red

opposite to amber is chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

TART

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

__________barrier
* The limit of motion imposed by anatomic structure; the limit of passive range of motion
* The point past which tissue disruption occurs (sprain/strain) and disruption of the joint will occur

A

Anatomic Barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

__________ Barrier
* The limit of active motion
* As far as the patient can go without assistance

A

Physiologic Barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

________ Barrier
* Somewhere between the physiologic and anatomic, barrier of motion

A

elastic barrier “feathers edge”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

_________Barrier
* A functional limit [within the active range of motion] that abnormally diminishes the normal
physiologic range
* Cannot achieve full range of motion.

A

Restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

_____ barrier

a restriction of joint motion associated with pathologic change of tissues (example: osteophytes)

A

Pathologic barrier
* a restriction of joint motion associated with pathologic change of tissues (example: osteophytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Erythema Friction Rub

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

landmarks to find spinal process

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

NAME the Planes and Axes of Motion

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Superior Facet Orientation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

rules of 3

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Fryettes principles

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Type I vs Type II Somatic Dysfunctions

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

categories of somatic dysfunction

A

fascial and ligamentous restrictions

articular restriction

muscular restriction

edematous

FAME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

direct vs indirect treatments

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the classification of OMT that applies a vector of force in towards the restrictive barrier

A

Direct technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Name 3 direct MT and 3 Indirect OMT

A

Direct
Soft tissue
Myofascial release
MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE
INDIRECT
myofascial release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

ACTIVE vs PASSIVE

A

Active- patient does something
MET

Passive- patient does not do anything
Soft tissue
MFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the absolute contraindication for all OMT

A

Lack of pt consent
Lack of somatic dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What tissues form layer and sheets that envelops and separate tissues..

A

FASCIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

7 stages of Spencer technique (Week 5) and what does it treat ?

A

EFC CAARD

treats shoulder

51
Q

How do you perform direct myofascial release

A

“Direct MFR:The dysfunctional myofascial tissues are loaded and restrictive barrier is engaged with a constant force.”

  1. Paplate soft tissue.

2.Find area of restriction in all three planes ( up/down, left/right, and clockwise/counterclockwise)

  1. Stack all three planes and move in the direction of restriction
    Hold and wait for it to soften ]. Follow the creep if the tissue softens and allows you to travel further into the restriction area.

BRING FASCIA TO DIRECT BARRER AND HOLD FOR 60 SECONDS

52
Q

what are the 4 different type of MET?

A
53
Q

What is an absolute contraindications for muscle energy besides lack of consent or somatic dysfunction

A

Fracture in area

Patient cannot follow directions– CANT DO ON PERSON IN COMA.

54
Q
  1. How many seconds does a patient contract for during a cycle of muscle energy?
A

3 to 5 seconds

55
Q
  1. How much force is typical applied by the patent vehicle contracting
A

3 to 5 oz

56
Q
  1. How many times repeat muscle energy
A

3 to 5 times

57
Q
  1. How long is the post-isometric relaxation?
A

1 to 2 seconds

58
Q

Isometric vs isotonic(concentric, eccentric) vs isolytic

A

Isometric– contract, muscle length stays same

Isotonic- tone in muscle stays same, muscle shorten; mostly concentric

-Concentric- While a contracting muscle, under a constant load, experiences a decrease in the distance between that muscle’s origin & insertion points (approximation)

-Eccentric- muscle lengthens

Isolytic - muscle lengthening while it is being contracted, A form of eccentric contraction designed to break adhesions using an operator-induced force to lengthen the muscle and in which, the counterforce is greater than the patient force.

59
Q

things to keep in mind during soft tissue

A
60
Q

Unilateral Thoracic and Lumbar Prone Pressure-soft tissue

A
61
Q

suboccipital release

A
62
Q

barriers

A
63
Q

extrinsic vs intrinsic force vs inherent forces

A

inherent ROM? spontaneous motion of every cell, organ system, and their component units within the body.

64
Q

direct vs indirect technique and what forces do they use

A
65
Q

techniques that we have learned so far use active, passive, direct or indirect approach

A
66
Q

soft tissue technique

A
67
Q

muscle energy technique (MET)

A
68
Q

________________
* A group of direct techniques that usually involve
lateral stretching, linear stretching, deep pressure,
traction &/or separation of muscle origin
and insertion while monitoring tissue response
and motion changes by palpation.
* Historically considered a form of myofascial
treatment.

A

soft tissue technique

69
Q

________________
A direct treatment method which the patient’s muscles
are employed upon request, from a precisely
controlled position, in a specific direction, and against a
distinctly executed physician counterforce.
* Contraction of an antagonistic muscle would help relax
the agonistic muscle.

A

muscle energy technique

70
Q
  • An osteopathic method in which the restrictive
    barrier is engaged in one or more planes
    of motion and then a rapid, therapeutic force of
    brief duration traveling a short distance is applied
    within the anatomic range of motion of a joint.
  • Aka: Thrust treatment method
A

RAPID SHORT

71
Q

________

A direct treatment method employing a low velocity/moderate to high amplitude force applied
to a dysfunctional joint through either:
– A repetitive springing motion
or
– A single movement of the joint through the
restrictive barrier.

A

LOW velocity , Springy motion

72
Q

__________
– A system of diagnosis and treatment, first described by A.T. Still
MD, DO, & his early students, which engages continual palpatory
feedback to achieve release of myofascial tissues.

A

MYOFASCIAL RELEASE (MFR

73
Q

MYOFASCIAL RELEASE (MFR)
Indications and Physiologic Effects

A

Indications and Physiologic Effects

74
Q

_________a generalized term for the sheets and layers of connective
tissue that envelop specific structures and segregate one structure,
organ, or area from another.

A
75
Q

principles of myofascial release

A
76
Q

Fascial System

A
77
Q

what layer of facia do we work with?

A
78
Q

functions of fascia

A

ppppp

79
Q

myofascial release

A
80
Q

MFR Contraindications

A
81
Q

_______palpable resistance to motion of an articulation or tissue

______relative palpable freedom of motion of an articulation or tissue

_______the capacity of fascia and other tissue to lengthen when
subjected to a constant tension load

A
  • Bind: palpable resistance to motion of an articulation or tissue
  • Ease: relative palpable freedom of motion of an articulation or tissue
  • Creep: the capacity of fascia and other tissue to lengthen when
    subjected to a constant tension load
  • MFR allows for fascial creep which are associated with release of energy (heat,
    electromagnetic, etc.
82
Q

how should the pressure be in myofascial release?

A
83
Q

MFR General Considerations/Rules? (how do you perform MFR)

A
84
Q

steps for Prone Thoracic/Thoracolumbar Junction MFR(Direct)

A
85
Q

steps for Thoracic Inlet/Outlet MFR
Seated, “Steering Wheel” (Direct)

A
86
Q

do you need to diagnose the patient before doing Soft tissue?

A
87
Q

Soft Tissue Techniques – Indications

A
88
Q

how do we perform a soft tissue technique?

A

The technique tension or force applied
should match the tension in the
patient’s tissue
* Modify the force applied as the
patient’s tissue responds in real time

89
Q

Unilateral Thoracic and Lumbar Prone Pressure

A

uses kneading

90
Q

Bilateral Thoracic Prone Pressure with Counterpressure

A
91
Q

Lumbar Prone Pressure
with Counterleverage

A
92
Q

AGR principles

A
93
Q

Suboccipital Release, things to note

A
94
Q

normal end feel motions after range of motion

A

BAS C

95
Q

Abnormal End-Feel DURING RANGE OF MOTION

A
96
Q

MUSCLE ENERGY INDICATIONS

A
97
Q

Post-Isometric Relaxation
Muscle Energy Technique (MET) STEPS

A
98
Q

MET mechanism

A
99
Q

post isometric relaxation vs reciprocal inhibition

A

the problematic (agonist muscle) is used as the contracting muscle during MET. The Golgi organ will send signals to the muscle to relax during the post-isometric relation and then you can take it to the next feather’s edge

RECIPROCAL INHIBITION
For example, the bicep is the problem during reciprocal inhibition, but we will use the tricep to perform a post-isometric relaxation. This will cause the bicep to relax. Patient pushes toward barrier (where it doesn’t want to go)

100
Q

what muscle contraction is most commonly used during MET

A
101
Q

Concentric Isotonic Muscle Contraction

A
102
Q

Eccentric Isotonic Muscle Contraction

A
103
Q

Isolytic Muscle Contraction

A
104
Q

4 different types of MET

A
105
Q

Post isometric relaxation

goal
method
physiology
force of contraction

A
106
Q

reciprocal inhibition

goal
method
physiology
force of contraction

A
107
Q

Respiratory Assistance

goal
method
physiology
force of contraction

A
108
Q

oculocephalogyric reflex

goal
method
physiology
force of contraction

A
109
Q

muscle energy mechanism of action

A
110
Q

Deep Fascia of The Upper Extremity

A
111
Q

effect of muscle energy

A
112
Q

Evaluation for Radial Head Somatic Dysfunction

A
113
Q

steps for MET Elbow: Posterior Radial Head Somatic Dysfunction
(Radioulnar Pronation Dysfunction)

A
114
Q

Three common gears that get jammed in the body are:

A

*Joints- most common
*Muscles
*Fascia.

115
Q

what happens when fascia slide past eachother?

A

Fascial sheets must continually slide against other sheets.
Frequently two sheets get stuck together (forming an
adhesion) and can no longer glide due to that adhesion.
These commonly form after injuries, surgeries or sustained
periods of immobility.

116
Q

______ is used to define Osteopathic Manipulative Techniques

A

The two most common forms of muscle energy are “joint
mobilization” and “post-isometric relaxation

117
Q

Post Isometric Relaxation and Joint
Mobilization I

A
118
Q

Post Isometric Relaxation and Joint
Mobilization II

A
119
Q

post isometric relaxation steps

A
120
Q

understand this!!

A
121
Q

Post Isometric Vertebral ME

A
122
Q
A
123
Q
A
124
Q
A

OPP (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions