OPM - Urinary and Faecal Incontinence

Question 1

what are the 4 types of urinary incontinence

Answer 1

Stress Urinary Incontinence
Urge Urinary Incontinence
Mixed Urinary Incontinence
Overflow Urinary Incontinence

Question 2

what causes stress incontinence

Answer 2

increased abdo pressure

e.g. running, trampolining, high BMI, pregnancy

Question 3

what causes urge incontinace

Answer 3

involuntary contraction

e.g. age, overactive bladder, bladder irritation, MS, stroke, post-partum, caffine

Question 4

what causes overflow incontinence

Answer 4

blockage of urethra

e.g. prostate, cancer, fibroids, diuretics, diabetes (cant feel full bladder), alcohol

Question 5

pelvic floor muscles can be measured digitally using the oxford grading system.
what doe the stages 0-4 mean

Answer 5

0 = no contraction.
1 = flicker
2 = weak.
3 = moderate.
4 = good.

Question 6

what investigations can you do for incontinence

Answer 6

Urinalysis and urine culture.
Bladder stress test.
Pad test.
X-rays or ultrasound.
Urodynamic testing.
Electromyogram (EMG).
Cystoscopic exam.
Cystourethrogram.

Question 7

who is most likely to have faecal incontinence

Answer 7

age 65+
inactive
chronic diseases
gallbladder removed
current smoker

Question 8

what are the 2 types of faecal incontinence

Answer 8

Urge Faecal incontinence
Passive Faecal Incontinence

Question 9

what surgeries can be done for faecal incontinence

Answer 9

Sphincteroplasty
Sacral nerve stimulation
Injectable bulking agents
Colostomy