opioids my q's

Question 1

therapeutic uses

Answer 1

1. produce analgesia

Question 2

side effects

Answer 2

1. drowsiness/sedation
2. dysphoria
3. nausea
4. constipation
5. hypothermia
6. effects on resp system
7. effects on cardiovascular system

Question 3

potency of opioids

Answer 3

1. fentanyl (most potent)
2. buprenorphine
3. butorphanol
4. methadone
5. morphine
6. tramadol
7. pethidine

the higher the potency, the lower the dose

Question 4

pharcokinetics

Answer 4

1. best route in parenteral administration (Iv, IM, etc)
2. fentanyl has high absorption but accumulates in fat tissue
3. metabolism is caused by conjugation reactions by liver enzyme

Question 5

DOA from longest to shortest

Answer 5

1. tramadol 12 hours
2. buprenorphine 10 hrs
3. codeine 6-8 hrs
4. methadone 3-4 hrs
5. morphine 4 hrs
6. butorphanol 2-3 hrs
7. pethdine 1-2 hrs
8. fentanyl 20-30 min

Question 6

the multiple target pathways

Answer 6

• to inhibit the perception of pain in the brain
• to stop transduction/transmission of pain singals
• reduce conditions that cause pain (e.g inflammation)

Question 7

fentanyl

Answer 7

• most potent but shortest DOA
• a u-agonist
• can give fentanyl transdermal patch which can provide DOA for up to 70 hrs

Question 8

methadone

Answer 8

• relatively potent, DOA can last up to 4 hours

- u-r-agonist

Question 9

morphine

Answer 9

u-r agonist
similar to methadone (potent and DOA 4 hrs)
low oral bioavailability - given IV

Question 10

pethidine

Answer 10

u-r agonist
weak local anaesthetic action
several side effects, barely used

Question 11

treatment of opioid overdose

Answer 11

• naloxone