local anaesthetics - my q's

Question 1

when to use them

Answer 1

• dental blocks
• laryngospasm
• induce nerve blocks

Question 2

pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

• all have similar MOA and effects, but differ in potency, onset of action and DOA
• weak bases and lipophilic
• rapidly absorbed into circulation

Question 3

route of administration

Answer 3

• topical but poor absorption
• infiltration: injected directly into affected site
• perihpheral nerve block
• epidural

Question 4

MOA

Answer 4

• nerve impulse conduction resulted from action potentials

- local anaesthetics

Question 5

cocaine

Answer 5

• short DOA

- side effects: CNS stimulation, seizures

Question 6

lignocaine

Answer 6

• most common probs
• can cause irritation
• comes as a spray solution which can prevent fatal laryngospam
  side effects: CNS, cardiovascular system

Question 7

mepivacaine

Answer 7

• not used in major procedures, e.g lame horse

- induces nerve block

Question 8

proxymetacaine

Answer 8

• topical formulation

- used as eye drops for ocular examination

Question 9

bupivacaine

Answer 9

• long acting

- used for epidurals