Opioids Flashcards
1
Q
Morphine
A
- Mu agonist. Activated by metabolism.
- Stimulation causes a decrease in release of cAMP. Disinhibition of efferents from PAG results in increased modulation of medullary 5HT and NE outputs.
- Supraspinal and spinal analgesia, sedation, inhibition of respiration, slowed GI transit, modulation of hormone release, miosis, euphoria.
2
Q
Fentanyl
A
-Mu agonist, 100x as potent as morphine.
3
Q
Methadone
A
- Mu agonist.
- Used in treatment of opioid abuse and chronic pain.
4
Q
Meperidine
A
- Mu agonist. Forms toxic metabolite that can accumulate with frequent use.
- Lesser duration of analgesia.
5
Q
Heroin
A
- Mu agonist. Activated by metabolism.
- Much more lipophilic than morphine (means more abuse potential).
6
Q
Codeine
A
- Mu agonist.
- Not so great at alleviating pain. Much better antitussive.
7
Q
Oxycodone
A
- Mu agonist.
- Moderate to severe pain.
8
Q
Hydrocodone
A
- Opioid agonist.
- Moderate to severe pain, antitussive.
9
Q
Hydromorphone
A
-Opioid agonist. 2-3 X as potent as morphine.
10
Q
3 endogenous opioids:
A
- B-endorphin (Mu)
- Dynorphin (Kappa)
- Enkephalin (Delta)
11
Q
Nalbuphine
A
- Mu antagonist and kappa agonist.
- Stimulation results in supraspinal and spinal analgesia, psychotomimemtic effects, slowed GI transit.
- Can precipitate withdrawal in opioid-dependent patients since you’re not getting the full morphine effect.
12
Q
Buprenorphine
A
- Partial Mu agonist.
- A component of Suboxone (used to treat opioid dependency).
13
Q
Naloxone
A
- Mu antagonist, used to treat opioid overdose.
- Component of Suboxone.
14
Q
Naltrexone
A
-Mu antagonist, used to treat both opioid addiction and alcoholism.
15
Q
Dextromethorphan
A
Only an antitussive.
