Antimycobacterials Flashcards
1
Q
Tb treatment drugs:
A
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
- Streptomycin
2
Q
Rifampin MOA:
A
Inhibits RNAP, thereby stopping RNA synthesis.
3
Q
Isoniazid MOA:
A
- Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids.
- Is a prodrug that is activated by KatG protein of the tubercle bacillus.
- Activated drug target is the enoyl-acyl carrier-protein reductase (InhA).
4
Q
Isoniazid misc:
A
- All patients with Tb should receive this drug in combination with others.
- May produce peripheral neuritis.
- Watch for polymorphisms in N-acetyltransferase-2.
5
Q
Ethambutol MOA and misc:
A
- Blocks mycobacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with arabinosyltransferase.
- May produce optic neuritis, but not heptotoxicity.
6
Q
Pyrazinamide:
A
- Blocks mycolic acid synthesis by inhibiting fatty acid synthase I.
- Important component of short-term combination therapy due to hepatotoxicity (can lead to severe hepatic damage).
7
Q
Streptomycin class and use:
A
Aminoglycoside, reserved for only the most serious cases of Tb.
8
Q
Which two drugs are for M. avium-intracellulare (MAC) treatment and prophylaxis?
A
- Rifabutin
2. Clarithromycin
9
Q
Dapsone MOA, SEs, use:
A
MOA: Inhibits synthesis of folic acid
SE: Hemolytic anemia
Use: -Used in combination therapy (rifampin) for leprosy.
- Prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis.
- Genetic polymorphisms in N-acetyltransferase.
10
Q
Clofazimine:
A
MOA: Binds to mycobacterial DNA, interfering with reproduction and growth.
SE: Red-brown pigmentation in skin.
Use: Combination therapy for leprosy.
