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Pharmacology I > Opioids > Flashcards

Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

which drug can be used for epidurals

A

morphine

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2
Q

why do we not give morphine IV?

A

because it causes histamine release

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3
Q

T/F morphine causes high emesis?

A

true

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4
Q

Does morphine have a fast or long duration? Onset?

A

long duration (low lipophilicity). fast onset

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5
Q

What is morphine’s receptor?

A

mu receptor, full agonist

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6
Q

which drug can lead to opioid hyperthermia in cats?

A

hydromorphone/oxymorphone

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7
Q

can hydromorphone/oxymorphone be given IV?

A

yes because it causes less histamine release than morphine

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8
Q

Which opioid is a NMDA antagonist and inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake?

A

Metadone

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9
Q

Which full agonist drugs are more potent than morphine?

A

fentanyl, carfentanil and etorphine

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10
Q

Which drug can be used for transdermal patches?

A

fentanyl

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11
Q

Which drug would you use to immobilize zoo animals?

A

carfentanil and etorphine

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12
Q

Can any veterinarian use carfentanil and etorphine?

A

only trained ones

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13
Q

Explain the potency of buprenorphine

A

because it is a partial mu agonist, it i amore potent than morphine but less efficient and does not cause as much analgesia

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14
Q

Which has more negative effects: buprenorphine or morphine?

A

buprenorphine

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15
Q

Is buprenorphine a good premed or post op drug?

A

post op because it has a slower onset and diffuses in and out of the brain slower (longer duration)

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16
Q

buprenorphine is good for which species and why?

A

Cats.

  • less negative effect
  • can be given transmucosally (absorbs well in cats)
  • decreases excitement/dysphoria
  • less dosing (lasts 8 hours in cats)
17
Q

butorphanol is what type of agonist?

A

Mixed agonist

-less analgesia and fewer adverse effects than a full mu agonist

18
Q

T/F: butorphanol is commonly used in swine

A

False. Equine

has also been used in ruminants

19
Q

What is butorphanol used for?

A

Analgesia/sedation (mostly) but has been approved as an antitussive

20
Q

T/F: butorphanol is better for somatic pain than visceral pain

A

False. It is better for visceral pain because it has a short duration

21
Q

T/F: butorphanol can be used to reverse mu agonists effects

A

True. because it is mixed. It is mu antagonist and kappa agonist

22
Q

If you have an overdose of any full mu agonist, which emergency drug would you grab?
-Respiratory and CNS depression

A

Naloxone

-full antagonist

23
Q

How does dosing work with Naloxone?

A

It has a duration of 1-2 hours so frequent dosing may be required

24
Q

What is used to tx overdose of carfentanil and etorphine overdose?

A

Naltrexone/Diprenorphine

25
Q

Which has a longer duration:

Naloxone or Naltrexone

A

Naltrexone

26
Q

Why is methynaltrexone important even though it is used in human medicine?

A

It does NOT cross the BBB therefore is used to counter some peripheral issues associated with opioids with ought reversing analgesic effects

Also Relistor (doesn’t seem too important to know)

27
Q

What is hydrocodone mainly used for>

A

Antitussive in dogs

28
Q

What is special about getting hydrocodone prescriptions from human pharmacies?

A

It is formulated differently. It is made with homatropine or acetaminophen (can cause negative effects especially in cats)

29
Q

Dont confuse hydrocodone with….

A

HYDROMORPHONE

30
Q

Tramadol is mainly used for?

A

oral analgesia

31
Q

what is important about the mechanism of action for tramadol?

A
  • it is a weak mu agonist
  • inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and NE
  • M1 antagonist
32
Q

Which opioid can be harmful in epileptic patients?

A

Tramadol

-it can lower the seizure threshold

33
Q

What cautions should you take with tramadol

A

patient with MAO inhibitors or SSRIs

- can lead to serotonin syndrome

34
Q

What is apomorphine most commonly used for? and why

A

emesis in canine

it is mediated through th stimulation of dopamine receptors (d2-like)

35
Q

T/F: Apomorphine can NOT be given through the conjunctival sac.

A

False. Yes it sure can for transmucosal absorption

Pharmacology I (6 decks)

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