Opioids Flashcards
opiates
drugs that occur naturally from the opium poppy
opioids
natural, semisynthetic, synthetic, or endogenous substances that bind to the opioid receptor
____ is one of the oldest drugs in the world
opium
In the 19th century, Britain went to war against ____ to force them to purchase ___. China lost and had to make significant concessions to the West.
China; opium
Opiate addiction skyrocketed during the nineteenth century due to
the isolation of morphine
the development of the hypodermic syringe
importation of Chinese laborers
war
popularity of patent medicines
____ and ____ factors played a key role in the development of laws against opioid use.
Racial; socioeconomic
Almost __ million Americans age 12 and older report using prescription pain relievers in the past year, and almost __ million people in the United States report misusing these drugs.
83; 10
The ___ of prescription painkillers has greatly increased in the past few decades
nonmedical use
About _____ people report current use of heroin, although some researchers believe that is an underestimation.
431,000
Heroin use among adolescents and young adults may be increasing due to
the availability of cheaper, purer heroin
opium comes from the ___ and contains morphine, codeine, thebaine, and other substances
poppy
____ is synthesized from morphine by adding two acetyl groups- this makes the substance more ___
heroin; lipid-soluble
The _____, _____, and _____ affect opioid actions in the body
routes of administration; lipid solubility; interactions with other substances
Opioid routes of administration
ingestion, absorbed rectally, sublingually, or transdermally; snorted; smoked; or injected
Opioids bind to ___ throughout the body.
opioid receptors
