Alcohol Flashcards
In the ____, American men, women, and children drank alcohol daily, and alcohol played an important role in the social and economic development of the nation.
Colonial period
Throughout the ___ century, temperance movements gained popularity in America.
19th
In 1920, the ___ to the Constitution, which banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors, became the law of the land.
18th Amendment
Prohibition was repealed in ___ with the passage of the 21st Amendment
1933
____ was associated with the lowest alcohol consumption in US history, but it also led to the rise of organized crime.
Prohibition
With the exception of caffeine, more Americans use ___ than any other legal or illegal drug.
alcohol
about ___% of the US population consumes alcohol
65-70
Groups that drink in the US
men more than women
whites more than other races
younger adults more than older adults
college educated people more than those w/o a diploma
binge drinking
consuming 5 or more drinks on the same occasion for a male and 4 or more for a female
binge drinking is most common in
men and in those age 18-34
most Americans try alcohol when they are ___
underage
alchol production process
sugars are dissolved in water
left in warm place & exposed to air and yeast
yeast converts sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide (fermentation)
naturally fermented beverages such as beer and wine cannot contain more than __% alcohol
15
effects that alcohol has on a person depends on many factors including
dose
how well it is absorbed into the bloodstream
a person’s age, sex, race and tolerance
other drugs that are taken concurrently
environment in which it is consumed
Ethanol is broken down into acetaldehyde by an enzyme called
alcohol dehydrogenase
___ is metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase
acetaldehyde
the levels of enzymes change from person to person and can influence one’s degree of
intoxication
illness after drinking
likelihood of developing alcohol dependence
Alcohol increases
GABA’s inhibitory actions
the release of dopamine and endorphins in addiction pathways
alcohol acts as an ___ at NMDA glutamate receptors
antagonist
alcohol slows
electrical activity in the brain
effects of ethanol
dilates blood vessels of the skin
increases salivation and gastric secretion of HCI
increases urination
