Opioid Crisis and War on Drugs

Question 1

What are the 3 waves of the opioid crisis?

Answer 1

rise of prescription opioids, rise of heroin, rise of fentanyl

Question 2

What did the reformulation of Oxycontin lead to?

Answer 2

the rise of heroin

Question 3

How is fentanyl mainly being used?

Answer 3

being produced illicitly and placed in other substances where it is not clear it was added

Question 4

Deaths of despair

Answer 4

death rates and mortality is falling in other major countries but in US there is an increase in the mortality rate (liver disease, suicides, poisonings, lung cancer)

Question 5

What are prescribing guidelines?

Answer 5

provider education about opioid prescribing; patient education about the risks of opioid misuse; CDC providing guidelines for chronic pain

Question 6

What type of prevention are prescribing guidelines?

Answer 6

Primary prevention

Question 7

What are prescription drug monitoring programs?

Answer 7

electronic database that tracks controlled substance prescriptions in a state; provides info about prescribing and patient behavior; can combat doctor shopping

Question 8

What type of prevention are prescription drug monitoring programs?

Answer 8

primary or secondary

Question 9

What is a pill mill/pain management clinic?

Answer 9

pain clinics that may be facilitating the drug seeking endeavors of prescription drug users (overprescribing)

Question 10

What are pain management clinic laws?

Answer 10

impose state oversight on pain clinics, including routine inspections, requirements for those who practice within them, and civil and criminal penalties if violations occur

Question 11

What type of prevention are PMC laws?

Answer 11

secondary prevention

Question 12

Naloxone

Answer 12

opioid antagonist, can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose if used quickly and effectively

Question 13

What are naloxone access policies?

Answer 13

available over the counter, protections against physicians prescribing naloxone, protections against lay people who administer naloxone

Question 14

Standing orders

Answer 14

pharmacists can prescribe and dispense naloxone and dispense naloxone without a prescription

Question 15

Third party prescribing

Answer 15

naloxone being provided to someone who is not partaking in drug misuse, but wants it because they know someone who is at risk of overdose

Question 16

What type of prevention are naloxone policies?

Answer 16

tertiary prevention

Question 17

Good samaritan policies

Answer 17

state laws which offer immunity to bystanders of overdose; legal protections for those who call for help

Question 18

What type of prevention are good samaritan laws?

Answer 18

tertiary prevention

Question 19

Supervised injection sites and needle exchange programs

Answer 19

medically supervised facility designed to provide a safe environment to consume illicit recreational drugs

Question 20

What type of prevention are supervised injection sites/needle exchanges?

Answer 20

tertiary prevention

Question 21

What are the best opioid treatments?

Answer 21

Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) and Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD)

Question 22

What are medications used to treat opioid use disorder?

Answer 22

methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone

Question 23

Which OUD medication can only be administered through clinics or treatment facilities

Answer 23

methadone

Question 24

Which OUD medication used to require it being prescribed by a data waivered physician?

Answer 24

buprenorphine

Question 25

DATA-waivered physicians

Answer 25

receive special training, could treat 100 patients and then 250; has been removed

Question 26

What are the lawsuits against national prescription opioid prescribers?

Answer 26

plaintiffs are alleged to have improperly marketed and distributed opioids to states and cities in the US; led to hundreds of thousands of deaths along with other impacts on society