Healthcare Settings/Workforce

Question 1

Hospitals (prevalence, cost)

Answer 1

account for 40% of expenditures yet ~10% of the population will have an overnight stay in a hospital during a 12 month period

Question 2

Consolidation

Answer 2

mergers, acquisitions

Question 3

Horizontal acquisition

Answer 3

hospital that looks like another hospital joins

Question 4

Vertical acquisition

Answer 4

hospitals/practices that do not look alike and serve different levels of care

Question 5

Concentration

Answer 5

how many hospitals serve a particular geographic area

Question 6

American Hospital Association

Answer 6

represents and coordinates among hospitals, health systems, and related organizations

Question 7

4 types of hospitals

Answer 7

general, special, rehabilitative or chronic disease, psychiatric

Question 8

Relevant characteristics of hospitals

Answer 8

control/ownership, capacity, length of stay, average daily census, involvement of medical education and research

Question 9

Private for profit hospital

Answer 9

more restrictions on accepted patients with health insurance

Question 10

Private not for profit hospital

Answer 10

have an obligation to provide uncompensated care/no insurance/Medicaid due to their tax exemption status

Question 11

Average daily census

Answer 11

average number of people served on a single day

Question 12

Community hospital

Answer 12

all nonfederal short-term general and other special services, whose services are available to the public

Question 13

Why rural hospitals may want to close

Answer 13

migration (lower population), lack of resources, lack of staffing, lack of support, demand is lower, bypassing of these hospitals to get to urban hospitals

Question 14

Consequences of closures of rural hospitals

Answer 14

access to emergency services if further away, could affect health outcomes, increase hospitalizations at other hospitals, decrease in preventative care, loss of jobs and revenue

Question 15

Physician owned specialty hospitals

Answer 15

wholly or partly owned by physicians; physicians can self refer

Question 16

Long term care

Answer 16

supportive, rehab, nursing, palliative services for people whose capacity to perform daily activities due to chronic disease or disability

Question 17

Where does funding for long term care come from?

Answer 17

Medicaid, not Medicare

Question 18

Ambulatory care

Answer 18

care provided to people who are not bed/hospital patients in a health care institution

Question 19

Role of the emergency department

Answer 19

care for true emergencies, source of admission to hospitals, care to individuals with gaps in care (w/o insurance or other options for care)

Question 20

Public health clinics

Answer 20

prevention of disease, operated in public hospitals, child health, prenatal, primary care

Question 21

Community health centers

Answer 21

public non profit organizations (receive some federal funding)

Question 22

Providers of healthcare

Answer 22

physicians, dentists, nurse (NP, RPN, APRN)

Question 23

Physicians

Answer 23

have a degree from medical school and residency training experience, ~1M in US

Question 24

Primary care physicians

Answer 24

in shortage, preventative visits, management of chronic diseases, refer out to specialists

Question 25

Nursing

Answer 25

the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of humans response

Question 26

RN (registered nurse)

Answer 26

need a BA or AA from nursing school

Question 27

APRN (advanced practice registered nurse)

Answer 27

specialized training, state by state variation in practice independence and prescription authority

Question 28

NP (nurse practitioner)

Answer 28

type of APRN

Question 29

Physician Assistant

Answer 29

can perform many functions of the PCP role, can serve as PCP

Question 30

Factors leading to physician shortage

Answer 30

demographic population change (aging), retirement of existing physicians, GME funding

Question 31

Occupational licensing

Answer 31

a legal requirement to hold a credential in order to practice a profession

Question 32

Consequences of occupational licensing

Answer 32

restricts entry into the market (hurts consumers, but benefits those already in the field by limiting competition)

Question 33

Scope of practice

Answer 33

the procedures, actions, and processes that a health care provider is permitted to undertake according to the terms of their professional license

Question 34

Practice independence

Answer 34

whether or not you are practicing under the physician, how much they are involved, etc

Question 35

prescription authority

Answer 35

whether or not they can prescribe medications

Question 36

Rationales for licensure

Answer 36

ensuring people are qualified to practice, standard of care, externalities (insurance compensation)