OPIC drugs Flashcards
Haloperidol
~~~
Drug class
- Antipsychotic medication
Indication
- schizophrenia
- acute delirium
- bipolar
MOA
- competitively blocks post-synaptic dopamine (D2) receptors
Adverse reactions
- constipation
- agitation
- amenorrhoea
- arrhthmia
- drowsiness
- dry mouth
- movement disorders
- muscle rigidity
Macrogol
Drug class
- osmotic laxative
Indication
- chronic constipation
- faecal impaction
MOA
- an inert substance that passes through the gut without being absorbed into the body.
- it relieves constipation because it causes water to be retained in the bowel instead of being absorbed into the body.
Adverse side effects
- diarrhoea.
- indigestion.
- stomach pain (rumbles or aches)
- bloating and wind (farting and burping)
- feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting)
- sore bottom (anus)
Alendronate
Drug class
- bisphosphonate
Indication
- osteoporosis
MOA
- prevents inhibition of osteoclast formation, bone resorption, and kinase activation in vitro
Adverse reactions
- osteonecrosis of the jaw
- oesophageal dysmotility
- fracture of long bones
Adcal D3
Drug class
- vitamin
* Indication
- vitamin D and calcium deficiency
* MOA
* - vitamin D3 deficiency leads to increased parathyroid hormone
* - increased parathyroid hormone leads to endhanced mobilisation of skeeltal calcium - porotic bone conditions
* Adverse reactions
* - constipation
* - nausea
* - stomach ache
* - diarhorre
* - hypercalcium
Strontium ranelate
Drug class
- antiosteoporotic agen
Indication
- treatment of severe osteoperosis in: a) postmenopasual women, and b) adult men, who are at high risk of fractures, for whom treatment with other medical products approved for the treatment of osteoperosis is not possible due to, for example, contraindication
MOA
- decreases osteoclast differentiation and activity, while increasing their apoptosis
Adverse reactions
- Angioedema
- Arthralgia
- Bronchial hyperreactivity
- Consciousness impaired
- Constipation
- Diarrhoea
- Dizziness
- Embolism
- Thrombosis
- Gastrointestinal discomfort
Colchicine
Drug class
- anti-gout agents
Indication
- prevents gout
MOA
- reducing the inflammation caused by crystals of uric acid in your joints.
Adverse reactions
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Cramping
- Abdominal pain
- Vomiting
Allopurinal
Drug class
- xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Indication
- gout
MOA
- It works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body. High levels of uric acid may cause gout attacks or kidney stones.
Adverse reactions
- feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting)
- diarrhoea.
- feeling dizzy or tired.
- headaches.
- stephen johnson syndrome (most serious)
Prednisolone
Drug class
- corticosteroid
Indication
- anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drug for allergic, dermatologic, gastrointestinal, hematologic, ophthalmologic, nervous system, renal, respiratory, rheumatologic, infectious, endocrine, or neoplastic conditions as well as in organ transplant.
MOA
- Prednisolone is a glucocorticoid similar to cortisol used for its anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-neoplastic, and vasoconstrictive effects.
Adverse reactions
- weakened immune system
- weight gain
- sleep disturbance
- osteoporosis
- addisons
Pizotifen
Drug class
- antamines
Indication
- migraine prevention
MOA
- serotonin and tryptamine antagonist
Adverse reaction
-drowsiness, dizziness, pyrexia, hypotension, dryness of the mouth, confusion, excitatory states (in children), ataxia, nausea, vomiting, dyspnoea, cyanosis, tachycardia, convulsions (particularly in children), coma and respiratory paralysis.
zopiclone
Drug class
- nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic from the pyrazolopyrimidine class
Indication
- insomnia
MOA
-allosteric modulation of the GABAA receptor.
Adverse reaction
- dry mouth
- headache
- falling
- fatigue
- anxiety
entacapone
Drug class
- COMT inhibitors
Indication
- prevent wearing off symptoms caused by Levodopa
MOA
- inhibiting the enzyme catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT), they prevent peripheral degradation of levodopa, allowing a higher concentration to cross the blood-brain barrier
Adverse reaction
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, unwanted/uncontrolled movements, increased sweating, drowsiness, tiredness, dry mouth, gas, and abdominal pain
ropinirole
Drug class
- Dopamine receptor agonists.
Indication
- It is used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and restless legs syndrome. If you have Parkinson’s disease, ropinirole can improve symptoms like shaking (tremors), slowness and stiffness.
MOA
- dopamine receptor agonist
Adverse reaction
- heartburn. feeling sick or being sick. feeling anxious or nervous. uncontrollable twitching or twisting movements
amitriptyline
Drug class
- tricyclic antidepressants.
Indication
- depression
- chronic pain
- IBS
- migraine
MOA
- increases noradrenergic or serotonergic neurotransmission by blocking the norepinephrine or serotonin transporter (NET or SERT) at presynaptic terminals.
Adverse reaction
- constipation.
- dizziness.
- dry mouth.
- feeling sleepy.
- difficulty peeing.
- headache.
co-beneldopa/ co-careldopa
Drug class
- Levodopa (parkinsons drug)
Indication
- parkinsons
MOA
- increasing the amount of dopamine in your brain (L-dopa can pass the BBB)
Adverse reaction
- wearing off- jerking
- problems sleeping
- nausea
- dizziness
trimethoprim
Drug class
- antifolate antimicrobial
Indication
- UTI
MOA
- inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR),
Adverse reaction
itching or a mild rash.
feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting)
diarrhoea.
* headaches.
tamsulosin
Drug class
- alpha blocker
Indication
- urinary retnetion secondary to benign prostate hyperplasia
MOA
- smooth muscle relaxation
Adverse reaction
- fainting
- dizziness
- weakness
- diarrhea
oxybutynin
Drug class
- antimuscarinic
Indication
- overactive bladder syndrome
MOA
- acts to relax the bladder by inhibiting the muscarinic action of acetylcholine on smooth muscle,
Adverse reaction
- dry mouth.
- headache.
- feeling dizzy, sleepy, or a spinning
- sensation (vertigo)
- diarrhoea or being sick (vomiting)
- constipation.
cinnarizine
Drug class
- (sedating) antihistamine.
Indication
- vestibular disorders, such as vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, and vomiting in Ménière’s disease
MOA
- antihistamine and CCB
Adverse reaction
* Sleepiness.
* Sweating.
* Dry mouth.
* Headache.
* Weight gain.
* Skin problems.
* Lethargy.
baclofen
Drug class
- muscle relaxant
Indication
- used to relieve muscle spasms, cramping or tightness caused by conditions such as: cerebral palsy. meningitis. motor neurone disease.
MOA
- an agonist at the beta subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid on mono and polysynaptic neurons at the spinal cord level and brain.
Adverse reaction
Feeling sleepy, tired, dizzy or weak. …
Feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting) …
Diarrhoea. …
Headaches. …
Problems sleeping. …
* Dry mouth. …
