Ophthalmology Anatomy Flashcards
what is covered by the cornea?
iris
what are visible the blood vessels in the eyes called?
conjunctival vessels
where does the lacrimal fluid collect?
lacrimal lake
what are the small holes in the eyelids?
lacrimal punctum
what is the raised part of the eyelid that the punctum are on?
lacrimal papilla
junction between bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva
conjunctival cortex
what is lined by the conjunctiva?
sclera
what is the name of the corneoscleral junction?
limbus
where is the lacrimal gland located?
superolaterally
where is the nasolacrimal duct located?
inferomedially
three layers of eye
outer fibrous, middle vascular (uvea), inner retina (photosensitive)
two parts of outer fibrous layer
sclera and cornea
function of sclera
muscle attachment
function of cornea
2/3 of refractive power
three parts of uvea
iris, ciliary body, choroid
function of iris
control pupil diameter
function of ciliary body
controls iris, shape of lens, secretion of aqueous humour
function of choroid
nutrition and gas exchange
what does anterior segment contain?
aqueous humour
what is the anterior segment divided into?
anterior and posterior chambers
2 facts about posterior segment
posterior 2/3 of the eye, behind lens
what does the posterior segment of the eye secrete?
vitreous humour
what is the vitreous body?
made up of vitreous humour
path of aqueous humour
ciliary body –> posterior chamber –> anterior chamber –> canal of Schlemm –> venous system
what controls the release of aqueous humour into the venous system?
iridocorneal angle
artery that supplies the eye
ophthalmic artery
nerve that supplies the eye
optic nerve (CNII)
2 important branches of ophthalmic artery
forehead (scalp) branches and ciliary branches
what 3 veins does the orbit drain into?
superior ophthalmic vein, inferior ophthalmic vein, facial vein (anteriorly)
components of fundus
optic disc, macula, fovea,
function of fundus
posterior area where light is focussed
3 functions of optic disc
point of CNII formation, only point of entry/exit for blood vessels and axons of CNII, blind spot
what does the macula contain?
greatest density of cones
2 facts about fovea
1.5mm diameter depression, area of most acute vision
where is the fovea located?
centre of macula
3 layers of retina
photoreceptors, ganglion cells, axons of ganglion cells
are there photoreceptors in the optic disc?
no
features of fundoscopy
optic disc, central artery and vein of retina, nasal retina, temporal retina, branches of retinal vessels, macula of retina
where is light from objects in the left visual field processed?
right visual cortex
where is light from objects in the right visual field processed?
left visual cortex
transverse axis of eye movement
abduction/adduction
vertical axis of eye movement
elevation/depression
anteroposterior axis of eye movement
intorsion/extorsion
movement of lateral rectus
abduction of eyeball
nerve supply of lateral rectus
CNVI
movement of medial rectus
adduction of eyeball
nerve supply of medial rectus
CNIII
movement of superior oblique
depression of eyeball in adduction
nerve supply of superior oblique
CNIV
movement of inferior oblique
elevation of eyeball in adduction
nerve supply of inferior oblique
CNIII
movement of superior rectus
elevation of eyeball in abduction
nerve supply of superior rectus
CNIII
movement of inferior rectus
depression of eyeball in abduction
nerve supply of inferior rectus
CNIII
7 bones that make up the orbit
frontal, lacrimal, ethmoid, maxilla, zygomatic, sphenoid, palatine
is the apex of the orbital pyramid anterior or posterior?
posterior
is the base of the orbital pyramid anterior or posterior?
anterior
what are the 4 margins of the base of the orbital pyramid?
lateral, medial, superior, inferior
axis of orbit
anterolateral
axis of eyeball
anterior
blowout fractures involve…
medial wall and orbital floor
where is the outside of the orbit most likely to fracture?
suture
two parts of orbicularis oculi
palpebral and orbital
function of orbital part of orbicularis oculi
forced closing of the eye
function of palpebral part of orbicularis oculi
blinking
nerve supply of orbicularis oculi
CNVII
6 ligaments of eyelids
lateral palpebral, medial palpebral, superior tarsus, inferior tarsus, tendon of LPS, orbital septum
superior tarsus muscle aka
Mueller’s muscle
tarsal glands aka
Meibomian glands
function of Meibomian glands
lipid secretion
innervation of the lacrimal gland
CNVII (parasympathetic)
where does lacrimal fluid collect?
lacrimal lake
where does lacrimal fluid drain?
lacrimal puncta
where does lacrimal fluid go after draining through the lacrimal puncta?
lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct
insertion of rectus and oblique muscles
sclera
origin of rectus muscles
common tendinous ring
origin of oblique muscles
sphenoid bone
origin of LPS
lesser wing of sphenoid
insertion of LPS
skin and tarsus of superior eyelid
afferent nerve involved in blink reflex
CNV1