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Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

roth spots

A

infective endocarditis

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2
Q

vertical scratches/ice rink cornea

A

foreign body

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3
Q

cherry spot (fovea) + pale fundus

A

CRAO

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4
Q

teardrop/blood level in sinus

A

blowout fracture

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5
Q

urethritis + uveitis + arthritis

A

Reiters syndrome

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6
Q

out of focus eye, white dots, exudate + haemorrhagic retina

A

sarcoidosis

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7
Q

keratoconjunctivitis sicca, scleritis, corneal melt

A

RA

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8
Q

injected vessels move with pressure

A

episcleritis

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9
Q

injected vessels dont move with pressure

A

scleritis

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10
Q

dislocated lens, genetic condition

A

marfans

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11
Q

lig lag, proptosis, retracted lid, chorion folds

A

graves disease

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12
Q

pain on eve movement

A

optic neuritis or scleritis

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13
Q

causes of optic neuritis

A

MS, DM,

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14
Q

causes of optic neuritis

A

MS, DM, syphylis

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15
Q

brushfield spots

A

down syndrome

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16
Q

silver/copper wiring

A

hypertensive retinopathy

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17
Q

curtain coming down <5min resolves

A

am fugax

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18
Q

curtain coming down >5min, flashes + floaters

A

retinal detachment

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19
Q

photophobia

A

ant uveitis

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20
Q

bilateral gritty eyes / acne/ seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

blepharitis

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21
Q

eye down + out not dilated

A

CN III palsy due to diabetes

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22
Q

trans-calcarine fracture

A

fixed dilated pupils

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23
Q

watery pink eye, periauricular nodes

A

viral conjunctivits

24
Q

loss red reflex + red eye

A

haemorrhage

25
Q

follicular conjunctivitis , bilateral, unresponsive to tx

A

chlamydia conjunctivits

26
Q

rice grain pattern follicles under posterior lid

A

chlamydial conjunctivitis

27
Q

new vessels + haemorrhage

28
Q

flame haemorrhage

29
Q

peripheral vision loss

30
Q

central vision loss, scotoma

31
Q

pizza fundoscopy, floaters, pain + red

A

chorioretinitis

32
Q

dactocytis

A

pseudomonas infection of lacrimal sac

33
Q

gout

A

episcleritis

34
Q

different sized pupils, RAPD

A

CN II/III damage

35
Q

optic neuritis + increased ICP

A

papilloedema

36
Q

ptosis, dilated pupil, eye down + out

A

CN III palsy: posterior communicating artery aneurysm

37
Q

eye up + out + compensatory head til, vertigo diplopia

A

congenital, trauma

38
Q

eye inwards/medial deviation, horizontal diplopia, cannot abduct eye

A

increased ICP: papilloedema

39
Q

causes of papilloedema

A

SOL: haemorrhage, tumour
malignant hypertension
idiopathic ICH: young woman, high BMI

40
Q

dx + tx of optic neuritis

A

MRI, high dose steroids

41
Q

dx + tx of optic neuritis

A

MRI, high dose steroids

42
Q

causes gradual vision loss

A

dry ARMD, refractive error, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, open angle glaucoma

43
Q

causes sudden vision loss

A

wet ARMD, CRAO, CRVO, am fugax, vitreous haemorrhage, closed angle glaucoma, rubeotic glaucoma retinal detachment,

44
Q

extreme pain, N+V, sudden vision loss

A

close angle glaucoma

45
Q

loss red reflex, difficulty driving at night

46
Q

causes of mydriasis

A

CN III palsy, increased IOP, traumatic iridoplegia, homes aide syndrome, phaechromocytoma

47
Q

drugs causing mydriasis

A

stimulants (cocaine), anticholinergics, TCA, atropine, tropicamide

48
Q

unilateral dilated slow to react pupil + absent knee/ankle reflex

A

Holmes aide syndrome

49
Q

damaged post ganglionic parasympathetics

A

Holmes aide syndrome

50
Q

pupil constriction

A

parasympatheitics (miosis)

51
Q

pupil dilation

A

sympathetics (mydriasis)

52
Q

causes of miosis

A

horners syndrome, cluster headache, opiates, nicotine, pilocarpine, argyll robertson pupil

53
Q

pupil accommodates but doesnt react

A

argyll robertson pupil

54
Q

ptosis, miosis + heterochomia (different coloured iris)

A

congenital horners syndrome

55
Q

night blindness + tunnel vision

A

retinitis pigmentosa

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