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Main Deck Step 2 Content Review > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

middle aaged man who has to hold books at an arm legnth to read DX

A

presbyopia

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2
Q

physiopatho of presbyopia

A

lens elasticity problem

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3
Q

Quid of stye

A

acute small swelling along the margin of upper eyelid

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4
Q

bug causing stye

A

sta[hyolococcal abcess of the eyelid

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5
Q

first line rx of stye or hordeolum

A

warm compress

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6
Q

if failure after 48 h of Rx with warm compress for stye next step(2)

A

incision

drainage

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7
Q

visual loss with sensation of a curtain falling down

A

amaurosis fugax

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8
Q

cause of amaurosis fugax

A

retinal artery emboli(atherosclerosis)

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9
Q

clue for retinal artery emboli

A

zone of whitened edematous retina following distribution of retinal arterioles

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10
Q

clue primary open glaucoma(2)

A

cupping of the optic disc

constricted peripheral vision

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11
Q

rx of primary open glaucoma

A

timolol

laser trabeculoplasty

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12
Q

failure with laser trabeculoplasty in primary open glaucoma

A

surgical trabeculotomy

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13
Q

conditions predisposing to subconjonctival hemorrage(4)

A

rubbing eyes vigorously
coughing spell
HTA
coagulopathy

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14
Q

patient with grippe develops dischrage in the eye dx

A

viral conjonctivitis

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15
Q

rx of viral conjonctivitis(2)

A

cold and moist compresses

or antihistaminic

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16
Q

purulent discharge in eyes

A

bacterial conjonctivitis

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17
Q

bug involved in viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

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18
Q

rx of bacterial conjuntivitis in lens wearer

A

quinolones

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19
Q

patietn with hyperosmolar hyperglycemia develops loss of vision why(2)

A

hyperosmolarity causes intraaccular hypotension

myopic increase in lens thickness

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20
Q

hiv patient with painfull loss of vision

A

HSV retinitis

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21
Q

painless keratinitis and retinitis in HIV patient bug in cause

A

CMV

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22
Q

sudden loss of vision with dilated pupil , painfull

A

acute angle closure glaucoma

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23
Q

rx of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

acetazolamide

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24
Q

definitive rx of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

laser peripheral iridotomy

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25
Q

lens wearer with red eyes bug en cause(2)

A

pseudomonas

serratia

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26
Q

quid of conjounctivitis in lens wearer(3)

A

medical emergency
remove lens
topical antibio

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27
Q

med used to reduce intraoccular pressure in glaucoma(4)

A

mannitol
acetazolamide
timolol
pilocarpine

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28
Q

what drug should not be used in glaucoma

A

atropine

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29
Q

why atropine should not be used in glaucoma(3)

A

its a mydriatic
pupil is in mydriasis during acute glaucoma
can worsen glaucoma

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30
Q

sudden loss of vision with floating debris on ophtalmoscopy

A

vitreous hemorrage

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31
Q

clue for vitreous hemorrage

A

fundus difficult to visualize

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32
Q

female with multiple neurologic presentation that interspaced between time periods and eye problem

A

Multiple sclerosis

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33
Q

eye problem in MS

A

optic neuritis

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34
Q

diabetic with decreased of vision acuity next step

A

ophtalmoscopy

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35
Q

ophtalmoscopy in diabetic patient(3)

A

simple retinopathy
proliferative retinopathy
proliferative and malignant retinopathy

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36
Q

stage 1 retinopathy in diabetics(3)

A

microaneurism
hemorrages
exsudates and retinal edema

37
Q

stage 2 retinopathy in diabetics

A

cotton wool spots

38
Q

stage 3 retinopathy in diabetics

A

newly form vessels

39
Q

how to prevent complication in diabetic retinopathy

A

argon laser photocoagulation

40
Q

sensation of curtain coming down in front of eyes what to check?

A

retine

41
Q

clue for retinal detachment

A

flashes of light (photopsia)

floaters

42
Q

quid of photopsia

A

flashes of light

43
Q

quid of floaters

A

spots in the visual field

44
Q

layers of retina(3)

A

choroid
neurosensory retina
retinal pigment epithelium

45
Q

clue for dacryocystitis

A

press the medial canthus pus is seen

46
Q

bacteria causing dacryocystitis(2)

A

staph aureus

B hemolytic strep

47
Q

loss of central vision in patient > 50 ans dx

A

macular degeneration

48
Q

how’s navigationnal vision in macular degeneration

A

it’s not affected

49
Q

clue optic neuritis(3)

A

colors are washed out
pain with one eye movement
central scotoma

50
Q

disease associated with clue optic neuritis

A

MS

51
Q

hiv patient develops yellow white pathes of retinal opacification and hemorrages ,no pain low cd4 dx

A

retinitis a CMV

52
Q

next step in intra occular foreign body(3)

A

fluorescein test
and wood lamp examination
or slit lamp

53
Q

patient with watering red eyes vesicles and dendritic ulcer on cornea dx

A

keratite herpetic

54
Q

clue varicella zoster in eye(2)

A

ocular sign plus

periorbital vesicles

55
Q

clue for central vein occlusion in fundoscopy(5)

A 
on fundoscopy
blood and thunder appearance
optic disk swelling
retinal hemerrage
dilated veins
cotton wool spots
56
Q

clue for central artery occlusion in fundoscopy(3)

A

painless loss of vision

pallor of the optic disk
cherry red fovea
box car segmentation of blood in the retinal veins

57
Q

loss of vision in central vein occlusion

A

painful

58
Q

loss of vision in central artery occlusion

A

painless

59
Q

risk factor for central vein thrombosis(4)

A

coagulopathy
hyperviscosity
chronic gluacoma
atherosclerotic risk factor

60
Q

clue for herpes zoster infection in eye(2)

A

trigeminal distribution rash
plus
occular involvement

61
Q

quid of sympathetic ophtalmia

A

damage of one eye after penetrating injury of the other eye

62
Q

cause of sympathetic ophtalmia

A

uncovering of hiddens antigens(recognition)

63
Q

clue for macular degeneration

A

distorsion of straight lines such that they appear wavy

64
Q

risk factor for macular degeneration(2)

A

age

smoking

65
Q

test for macular degeneration

A

grid test

66
Q

first cause f blindness in industrialised country

A

macular degeneration

67
Q

management of central retinal vein occlusion

A

occular massage and huigh flow o2

68
Q

anatomy of carotid int(2)

A

artere ophtalmic——artere ciliare

——– central artere retinienne

69
Q

role of central retinal artery

A

supply inner retina

70
Q

role of ciliary branches(2)

A

supply choroid

ant portion of the globe

71
Q

patient develops swollen eyelids ,edematous conjonctiva and exsudates in the ant chamber after surgery for cataract

A

post op endophtalmitis

72
Q

most common form of endophtalmis

A

post op endophtalmitis

73
Q

patient with history of asthma and allergy develops itching of eyes

A

allergic conjonctivitis

74
Q

patient with cafe au lait spot develops decrease in vision exophtalmos(2)

A

optic glioma

neurofibromatosis type 1

75
Q

quid of cataract

A

lens opacification

76
Q

rx of cataract(3)

A

phacoemulsification
intracapsular cataract extraction
extracapsular cataract extraction

77
Q

why you have vision impairement in keratoconjunctivitis

A

corneal involvement

78
Q

clue for retinal emboli

A

it’s like a curtain falling down

79
Q

patient with glucose in urine develops blurred vision ,why?

A

it’s a diabetic with hyperosmolar state

80
Q

keratitis with VZV and HSV

A

Painfull

81
Q

painless retinitis not associated with keratitis orconjunctivitis

A

CMV retinitis

82
Q

clue CMV on fundoscopy(2)

A

hemorrages

fluffy or granular lesions around the retinal vessels

83
Q

risk factor for vitreous hemorrage

A

diabetic retinopathy

84
Q

2 types of presentation of glaucoma

A

primary open angle glaucoma

acute angle closure glaucoma

85
Q

primary open angle glaucoma(2)

A

gradual loss of peripheral vision

over years tunnel vision

86
Q

influenza in USMLE(3)

A

rhinorrhea
mild sore throat
fever

87
Q

acute angle closure glaucome clue(5)

A 
eye pain in
dark space
stress
after taking drug
while fixing light bulb
88
Q

grid test in macular degeneration

A

straight lines become curved

Main Deck Step 2 Content Review (24 decks)

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