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Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Blepharitis type in acne rosacea?

A

posterior

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2
Q

What are the types of anterior blepharitis?

A

seborrhoeic (greasy)

staphococcal (ulcerative)

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3
Q

Blepharitis treatment?

A

hot compresses

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4
Q

Papillae/cobblestone appearance?

A

bacterial or allergic conjunctivitis

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5
Q

2 day old infant with conjunctivitis?

A

gonorrhoea

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6
Q

14 day old infant with conjunctivitis

A

chlamydia

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7
Q

Conjunctivitis treatment in pregnant women?

A

fusidic acid

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8
Q

Viral conjunctivitis treatment?

A

oxytetracycline

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9
Q

Bacteria found in contact lens wearers?

A

acanthomebia

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10
Q

Anterior uveitis pupil?

A

irreg, small, oval

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11
Q

Ant uveitis treatment?

A

topical steroids and mydriatic

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12
Q

Pizza appearance?

A

cytomegalovirus

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13
Q

Sore and violaceous?

A

scleritis

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14
Q

Sinusitis can lead to…?

A

Orbital cellulitis, do CT to check for abscess

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15
Q

Three causes of RAPD?

A

retinal detachment
CRAO
optic neuritis

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16
Q

What is occluded in an ischaemic visual loss?

A

posterior ciliary artery

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17
Q

Red degeneration?

A

optic neuritis

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18
Q

Normal IOP?

A

10-21

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19
Q

Visual acuity in glaucoma?

A

Fine

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20
Q

arc shape?

A

acute glaucoma

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21
Q

Pupil in glaucoma?

A

fixed mid dilated pupil

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22
Q

Normal cup disc ratio?

23
Q

First line for open glaucoma?

A

beta blockers and prostaglandins

24
Q

Head tilting?

A

4th nerve palsy

25
Q

Esotropia?

A

6th nerve palsy

26
Q

affected eye doesn’t adduct, unaffected eye has nystagmus on abduction

A

Internuclear opthalmoplegia (MS)

27
Q

macular sparing?

28
Q

Pupillary constiction - para or sympathetic?

29
Q

Dilation - para or sympathetic?

A

sympathetic

30
Q

Which nerves are efferent and afferent for light reflex?

A

CN2 is efferent

CN3 is afferent

31
Q

Adies Holme, dilated or constricted?

32
Q

Argyl Robertson, dilated or constricted?

A

constricted

33
Q

What type of lenses do you give myopes?

34
Q

Holmes Adie, uni or bilateral?

A

unilateral

35
Q

Bilateral grittiness?

A

blepharitis

36
Q

Acute eye pain, blurred vision and photophobia?

A

ant uveitis

37
Q

Describe drugs for glaucoma.

A

Prostaglandins eg latanoprost INCREASE OUTFLOW
Miotics eg pilocarpine INCREASE outlflow
beta blockers and carbonic anydrase inhibitors(dorzolomide) REDUCE AQUEOUS PRODUCTION
Alpha agonists eg brimonidine do both

38
Q

What can cause eyelash growth and brown pigmentation of iris?

A

latanoprost

39
Q

Ptosis and dilated pupil?

A

3rd nerve palsy

40
Q

Ptosis and constricted pupil?

A

horner’s

41
Q

Hutchinson’s can lead to…

A

anterior uveitis

42
Q

bilateral small pupils

A

argyl robertson

43
Q

Diabetes and aspirin use are risk factors for what?

A

vitreous haemorrhage

44
Q

Important lifestyle change in macular degeneration?

A

stop smoking

45
Q

Hypo or hypercalcaemia causes cataracts?

46
Q

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction?

A

common infants, worse if recent infection. teach parents lacrimal duct massage

47
Q

Who needs to be careful taking antioxidants?

A

current smokers, lung cancer risk

48
Q

Investigations for macular degeneration?

A

OCT

If neovascularisation, do fluoroscein angiography

49
Q

Aim of acute glaucoma treatment?

A

to shrink and dry eye basically (reduce aqueous secretion, constrict)

50
Q

What kind of eye drops precipitate acute glaucoma?

51
Q

What pupil is ass with RAPD?

A

Marcus Gunn

52
Q

Who gets ACUTE glaucoma?

A

hypermetropes

53
Q

Who gets primary glaucoma?

Useful Extra Facts (8 decks)

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