Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fun Med Fall-AM > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Blepharitis w/ intense itching, rubbing, rash or contact sensitivity; allergic rxn. Margins of eyelids are edematous and erythematous

A

Acute nonulcerative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Blepharitis that is crusty

A

Acute ulcerative: bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cause of spots or floaters

A

Benign vitreous opacities, posterior vitreous detachment w/risk of retinal damage, vitreous hemorrhage or posterior uveitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cause of Diplopia

A

Ocular misalignment: eye movement disorders (muscles) or cranial nerve palsies, orbital disease, orbital fracture.
Monocular diplopia- refractive error or lens opacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Leading cause of blindness or vision loss

A
  • Cataract
  • Uncorrected refractive error
  • Age related macular degeneration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sx of Hordeolum

A

Redness of eyelid, swelling, pain, tearing, photophobia, foreign body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of Hordeolum

A

External; of the hair follicles

internal; of the meibomian gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pathophysiology of Hordeolum

A

Blocked sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tx of Hordeolum

A

Warm compress for 5-10 min, 3-4 times daily. Drainage or Rx if does not respond to Tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Difference between Hordeolum and Chalazion

A

Hordeolum: usually involves lashes and is painful
Chalazion: involves meibomian gland on lid, painless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a noninfectious obstruction of the meibomian gland?

A

Chalazion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pathophysiology of Chalazion

A

Meibomian gland becomes blocked. Often chronic, usually painless, can follow internal hordeolum. Can be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inflammation of the eyelid margins

A

Blepharitis: acute or chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of Blepharitis

A

Acute ulcerative (bacterial or virus), acute non ulcerative, chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acute ulcerative: bacterial

A

Usually staphylococcal, affects eyelid margins at origins of lashes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chronic Blepharitis

A

Non-infectious inflammation of unknown cause. Often seen in patients with Rosacea , reoccurring hordeola or chalazia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Itching and burning of eyelid margins, conjunctival irritation w/ lacrimation, photosensitivity, foreign body sensation. Dilated glands that may exude waxy, yellowish secretions. Can have greasy, but easily removed scales of eyelid margins.

A

Sx of Blepharitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dx of Blepharitis

A

Slit lamp exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tx of Blepharitis

A

Warm compress, cleaning w/ baby shampoo, gentle removal of scales.
Acute: antibiotic ointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Causes of eye redness

A
  • Hyperemia (excess of blood in vessels) of conjunctiva, ciliary, episcleral vessels
  • Erythema of eyelids
  • Subconjunctival hemorrhage
22
Q

Causes of eye pain

A
  • Trauma
  • Infection
  • Inflammation
  • Increase in IOP
23
Q

Causes of feeling of foreign body in eye

A
  • Foreign body
  • Eyelashes rubbing (trichiasis)
  • Disturbance of corneal epithelium
24
Q

Causes of photophobia

A

Usually: corneal inflammation or anterior uveitis
Rarely: albinism, aniridia, cone dystrophy, or fever associated with various systemic infections.

25
Q

Causes of eye itching

A

Allergic eye disease

26
Q

Causes of eye scratching or burning

A
  • Lacrimal gland hypofunction, secondary to systemic disorders (eg, Sjögren disease)
  • Drugs (eg, atropine-like agents)
  • Ocular surface disease
  • Dry environment.
27
Q

Causes of eye watering

A

Inadequate tear drainage due to:
- obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system
- malposition of the lower lid
Disturbance or corneal epithelium will cause reflex tearing

28
Q

Causes of “eyestrain” & headache

A 
Refractive error: 
   - presbyopia
   - inadequate illumination
   - latent ocular deviation 
Giant cell arteritis
Acute angle closure glaucoma
29
Q

Causes of conjunctival discharge

A

Bacterial infection of the conjunctiva, cornea, or lacrimal sac

30
Q

Causes of visual loss

reduced visual acuity

A 
Refractive error, 
corneal opacities, 
cataract, 
intraocular inflammation (uveitis),
vitreous hemorrhage, 
retinal detachment involving the macula, 
diabetic retinopathy, 
central retinal vein occlusion, 
central retinal artery occlusion, 
macular degeneration, 
optic nerve disorders.
31
Q

Cause of monocular visual loss

A

Disease of the retina or optic nerve

32
Q

Better eye less than 20/60 but 20/400 or better

A

Low vision

33
Q

Best corrected distant visual acuity in the better eye of less than 20/400 or widest diameter of the visual field of an angle less than 20 degrees

A

Blindness

34
Q

Emergent vs urgent referring for diplopia

A

Emergent: recent onset isolated third nerve palsy, particularly if there is pupillary involvement or pain. (inter cranial aneurysm)

Urgent: any other recent onset of diplopia

Admit emergently: Giant cell arteritis

35
Q

Causes of “Spots Before the Eyes” & “Flashing Lights”

A

Commonly benign vitreous opacities.

Together with flashing lights: refer urgently for possible retinal tear or detachment

36
Q

Causes of a large, poorly reacting pupil

A
  • Third nerve palsy
  • Iris damage caused by acute glaucoma
  • Acute tonic pupil (autonomic nervous sys disorder)
  • Rx
37
Q

Causes of a small pupil

A
  • Horner syndrome
  • inflammatory adhesions between iris and lens
  • long-standing tonic pupil
  • neurosyphilis (Argyll Robertson pupils)
38
Q

Causes of pupillary light reaction

A

Optic nerve disease

39
Q

When to refer to Ophthalmology emergently

A

Sudden vision loss due to:

  • giant cell arteritis
  • acute glaucoma
  • corneal ulcer
  • acute anterior uveitis
  • orbital cellulitis
  • gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis
  • ocular trauma
  • contact lens wearer with acute, painful red eye- bacterial keratitis
40
Q

When to refer to Ophthalmology urgently

A
  • Acute anterior uveitis

- Gradual loss of vision

41
Q

Refractive errors

A

Myopia
Hyperopia
Presbyopia
Astigmatism

42
Q

Farsightedness, eye too short and focus in behind retina

A

Hyperopia

43
Q

Nearsightedness, eye too long and focus anterior to retina

A

Myopia

44
Q

Uneven curvature of the cornea

A

Astigmatism

45
Q

Presbyopia

A

Gradual loss of accommodation with age. Usually start to notice inability to focus at normal reading distance around age 45

46
Q

Treatment for refractive errors

A
  • Glasses/contacts lens
  • Surgery
  • Rx, rigid contacts worn at night, or soft lenses may reduce rate of progression
47
Q

Risks for contact lens use

A

bacterial, amebic, or fungal corneal infection

48
Q

Infection of the lacrimal sac

A

Dacryocystitis

49
Q

Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

50
Q

Rx to treat inflammation

A

Steroid

Fun Med Fall-AM (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions