Ophthalmology Flashcards
Eye devleopment begins:
5 weeks gestation
The retina develops from the ____
neuroectoderm of the forebrain
The vascular and sclercorneal laters of the eyes develop from:
mesoderm
The lens is developed from:
surface ectoderm
At ____ gestation the eyes close to light
30 weeks
At _____ gestation the pupils react to light
32 weeks- 1 month
At term infants vision is able to:
have conjugate horizontal gaze
visual fixation
at 2 months infants’ vision is able to
have conjugate vertical gaze
At 3 months infants’ vision
has well developed visual following
At 6 months infants’ vision
has visual evoked potential at adult levels
At 2 years vision:
optic nerve myelination is complete
Pupillary light reaction is caused by
parasympathetic innervation->
constriction
sympathetic innervation–>
dilation
Pupillary light reflex tests cranial nerve:
Cranial Nerve THREE
Intact response–> visual function of subcortex
Pupillary light reflex develops at ____ weeks
30-32 weeks
well developed at 1 month
Abnormal pupillary light reflex suggests:
HIE
IVH
Botulism
Subdural hematoma/mass (unilateral)
Choroidal light reflex (Red reflex)
Presence of retinal blood vessels without obstruction between external corneal surface and retina
Infants less than ____ weeks aren’t likely to have a red reflex
28 weeks
The most common cause of an absent red reflex (LEUKOCORIA) is
cataracts
Leukocoria can be caused by (9 causes)
Retinoblastoma
Coloboma
Retinopathy of prematurity
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
Retinal detachment/dysplasia
Vitreous hemorrhage
Intraocular inflammation
Medulloepithelioma
Meylinated nerve fibers
____ is the exam finding of narrowly spaced eyes
Hypotelorism
Hypotelorism is associated with
Holoprosencephaly
Meckel-Gruber
Trisomy 13
Williams
Hypertelorism is the finding of
widely spaced eyes
Hypertelorism is associated with
Apert
Cat-eye syndrome
CHARGE
Cri-du-chat
Crouzon
13q deletion
DiGeorge
Holt-Oram
Noonan
Trisomy 8
Teratogens that can cause hypertelorism (widely spaced eyes):
Hydantoin
Isoretinoin
