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Neo Boards > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal growth factors

A

Genetic-
Maternal-
Uterine size/circulation and placental implantation
Nutrition (delayed effects)
Endocrine increased in GH, GH-peptides (placental lactogen)
Placental-

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2
Q

What effect does placental lactogen have on fetal growth?

A

Relative insulin-resistance–>
Increased glucose and lipid concentrations–>
Increased fetal insulin–>
Increased fetal growth, adiposity, decreased protein breakdown

Mediated by IGF

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3
Q

What components of fetal composition decrease with gestational age and BW?

A

Total body water
Extracellular water
Sodium
Chloride

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4
Q

What components of fetal composition increase with gestational age and BW?

A 
Intracellular water
Protein
Fat
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Iron
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5
Q

What is the daily calorie expenditure of a fetus?

A

35-55kcal/kg/d

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6
Q

Where does the fetus get the majority of its energy source?

A 
Maternal glucose 
    2/3 of fetal energy
    Transferred by facilitated diffusion
    ---> Glycolysis
    ---> Carbon source
    ---> Glycogen storage
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7
Q

What are the sources of caloric energy for the fetus?

A 
Maternal glucose (2/3)
Placental lactate (1/4)
Maternal amino acids (remaining- transferred by active transport)
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8
Q

Essential amino acids

A 
Lysine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Methionine
Histidine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
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9
Q

Essential fatty acids are

A

Linoleic

Linolenic

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10
Q

LCPUFA’s are absorbed by

A

Reesterification
Chylomicron formation
Lymphatic transport by lipoproteins

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11
Q

S/MCFA are absorbed by

A

Hydrolyzed to FFA

Absorption across mucosa

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12
Q

A _____:______ ratio of _____ suggests fatty acid deficiency

A

Triene: tetrene ratio

> 0.4

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13
Q

The predominant carbohydrate in breast milk and most formulas is

A

Lactose

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14
Q

Transport of water soluble vitamins across the placenta is by

A

Active transport

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15
Q

Transport the fat soluble vitamins across the placenta is by

A

Simple or facilitated diffusion

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16
Q

Megaloblastic macrocytic anemia with hypersigmented neutrophils is caused by ____ deficiency

A

Vitamin B12 and folic acid

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17
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency with anemia is associated with

A

Methylmalonic acidia

Homocystinuria

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18
Q

Vitamin E deficiency presents with

A 
Hemolysis
Anemia and reticulocytosis
Thrombocytosis
Acanthocytosis
Neurologic deficits
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19
Q

Photophobia, conjunctivitis, abnormal epithelial bone formation, abnormal tooth enamel, scaling, failure to thrive are associated with ______ deficiency

A

Vitamin A

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20
Q

Fatigue irritability constipation cardiac failure (beriberi syndrome) are associated with ______ deficiency

A

Vitamin B1

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21
Q

Food to thrive, photophobia, blurred vision, dermatitis, mucositis are associated with ______ deficiency

A

Vitamin B2

22
Q

Metabolic disorders associated with vitamin B1 deficiency are

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency

Maple syrup urine disease

23
Q

Glutaric aciduria type 1 is associated with ______ deficiency

A

Vitamin B2

24
Q

Hypochromic anemia, seizures, dermatitis, mucositis are associated with ______ deficiency

A

Vitamin b6

25
Q

Homocysteinuria is associated with ___ deficiency

A

Vitamin b6

26
Q

Alopecia, dermatitis, scaling, seborrhea are associated with ______ deficiency

A

Biotin

27
Q

Biotin deficiency is associated with these four metabolic disorders

A

Biotinidase deficiency
Beta methylcrotonyl glycinuria
Propionic academia
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency

28
Q

Poor wound healing and bleeding gums is associated with ______ deficiency

A

Vitamin C

29
Q

Transient tyrosinemia can be associated with _____ deficiency

A

Vitamin C

30
Q

Chromium is related to

A

Insulin production

31
Q

Copper is related to

A

RBC production

32
Q

Iron is related to

A

Hemoglobin and myoglobin

Duodenum/jejunum absorption

33
Q

Manganese is related to

A

Enzyme activation

Bone structure

34
Q

A cofactor for glutamine peroxidase is

A

Selenium

35
Q

A component of enzymes carbonic anhydrase and carboxypeptidase is

A

Zinc

36
Q

Zinc deficiency or impaired transport can cause

A 
FTT
Alopecia
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Acquired zinc deficiency
37
Q

In pregnancy, milk production is inhibited by

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

38
Q

Lactose augments GI production is

A

Lactobacilli

39
Q

Immunoglobulin in breast milk is

A

IgA

40
Q

The main enzyme in breast milk is

A

Lipase

41
Q

Primary breast milk components are

A

Whey (protein)
Lactose (CHO)
Long chain unsaturated fatty acids

42
Q

Fatty acids increased in breast milk

A

Palmitic acid
Arachnidonic acid
DHA
Cholesterol

43
Q

Inositol is involved in

A

Membrane synthesis
Retinal injury prevention
Surfactant production

44
Q

Choline is a component of _____ and ______, involved in ________

A

Acetylcholine
Phophatidylcholine
CNS development

45
Q

Carbohydrate gives ____ kcal/g and should be ___% of total kcal

A

3.4kcal/g

50%

46
Q

Fats are ____kcal/g and should be ____% of total kcal

A

9kcal/g

40%

47
Q

Protein is ____ kcal/g and should be ___% of total kcal

A

4 kcal/g

10%

48
Q

Calcium phosphorus ratio should be

A

1.3-1.7:1

49
Q

Lipid calories calculation

A

TF x 2.2kcal/ml

50
Q

Protein calories calculation

A

Protein g/kg/d x 4 kcal/g

51
Q

Fat calories calculation

A

Fat g/kcal/d x 9 kcal/g

52
Q

GIR calculation

A

(% dextrose. X. TF)/ 144

Neo Boards (15 decks)

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